RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15–49 years in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey-4 data

Talukdar, Debjyoti; Tripathi, Mallika; Tripathi, Vrijesh; Teelucksingh, Surujpal

doi:10.1038/s41371-020-0384-7

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consistent with some research [ 7 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 22 ] the need factors associated with undiagnosed HTN included other chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and elevated total cholesterol. It is well documented how excess body weight and elevated cholesterol levels contribute to HTN [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Enabling/disabling factors associated with undiagnosed HTN include socioeconomic status (lower economic status [ 5 , 13 ], higher economic status [ 14 ], lower education [ 7 , 13 , 14 ], higher education [ 15 ]), rural residence [ 13 ], geographical region [ 14 ], no health care visit in the past month [ 16 ], and no health insurance [ 17 ]. Furthermore, health risk behaviours associated with undiagnosed HTN include physical inactivity [ 18 ], not physically inactive [ 13 ], high sedentary behaviour [ 19 ], dietary habit [ 19 ], and tobacco use [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need factors associated with undiagnosed HTN include other chronic diseases, underweight [ 14 ], no obesity [ 5 , 12 , 16 , 17 ], obesity [ 7 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 18 ], no diabetes [ 21 ], low high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C), high triglycerides [ 22 ], and no cardiovascular diseases [ 21 ]. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among people (18-69 years) in Sudan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Undiagnosed hypertension in Sudan: results of the cross-sectional national STEPS survey in 2016

Pengpid¹,

Peltzer²

2022

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction the rate of hypertension has been increasing in Africa. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) among adults in Sudan. Methods cross-sectional data were analyzed from 7,226 persons (18-69 years, median 37 years, interquartile range 27-49 years, 4557 were females) who participated in the 2016 Sudan STEPS survey, had complete blood pressure measurement and non-pregnant, and responded to a questionnaire, physical measures, and biomedical tests. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of undiagnosed HTN. Results the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 26.2% (n=2057) (79.2% of total HTN), diagnosed HTN 6.9% (n=690) and total HTN 33.1% (n=2747). In multivariable analysis older age (50-69 years) (adjusted risk ratio-aRR: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.02-3.09; p<0.001), obesity (aRR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.97-3.21; p<0.001), diabetes (aRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.17-2.16; p=0.002) and elevated total cholesterol (aRR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19-1.84; p<0.001) were positively associated and health care advice (aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.98; p=0.036) was negatively associated with undiagnosed HTN versus no HTN. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio-aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.63-3.01; p<0.001) was positively associated, and older age (50-69 years) (aOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21-0.46; p<0.001), married (aOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33-0.62; p<0.001), urban residence (aOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96; p=0.022), health care advice (aOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.22-0.45; p<0.001), ever cholesterol measured (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27-0.67; p<0.001), overweight (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47-0.85; p=0.003) and heart attack or stroke (aOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17-0.55; p<0.001) were negatively associated with undiagnosed HTN versus diagnosed HTN. Conclusion one in four adults in Sudan had undiagnosed HTN (eight in ten of total HTN) and several associated factors that can help guide interventions were identified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Undiagnosed hypertension in Sudan: results of the cross-sectional national STEPS survey in 2016

Pengpid¹,

Peltzer²

2022

Pan Afr Med J

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“…For example, a recent study using cross-sectional data found the self-reported prevalence of hypertension to be only 5.5% compared to the actual (measured) prevalence of hypertension at 26.3% in India thereby highlighting the presence of a wide care deficit [27]. Another study estimated the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15-49 years to be 18.63% at the national level and 17.09% and 21.73% in rural and urban areas, respectively, clearly indicating an urban disadvantage [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decomposing the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated and under-treated hypertension among older adults in India

Boro

Banerjee

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background Although awareness and treatment rates of hypertension have significantly improved in recent years, the prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension remains a major public health concern for Indian policymakers. While the urban–rural variation in the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and treatment of hypertension is reasonably well-documented, the explanation behind such variation remains poorly understood given the dearth of studies conducted on exploring the determinants of the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension in India. In view of this research gap, our paper aims to decompose the inter-group differences between rural and urban areas in undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among older adults in India into the major contributing factors. Methods Nationally representative data collected in the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, Wave-1 (2017–18), was utilized for this study. Maximum-likelihood binary logistic-regression models were employed to capture the crude and adjusted associations between the place of residence and prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension. Fairlie’s decomposition technique was used to decompose the inter-group differences between rural and urban residents in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among the older population in India, into the major contributing factors, in order to explore the pathways through which these differences manifest. Results The overall prevalence rates of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among older adults were 42.3%, 6%, and 18.7%, respectively. However, the prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension was higher in rural areas, by 12.4 and 1.7 percentage-points, respectively, while undertreated hypertension was more prevalent in the urban areas (by 7.2 percentage-points). The decomposition analysis explained roughly 41% and 34% of the urban advantage over rural areas in the case of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension, while it explained 51% of the urban disadvantage in respect of undertreated hypertension. The rural–urban differentials in education and comorbidities accounted for the majority of the explained rural disadvantage in the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, explaining 13.51% and 13.27% of the gap, respectively. The regional factor was found to be the major driver behind urban advantage in the prevalence of untreated hypertension, contributing 37.47% to the overall gap. In the case of undertreated hypertension, education, comorbidities, and tobacco consumption were the major contributors to the urban–rural inequality, which accounted for 12.3%, 10.6%, and 9.8% of the gap, respectively. Conclusion Socio-economic and lifestyle factors seemed to contribute significantly to the urban–rural gap in undiagnosed, untreated and undertreated hypertension in India among older adults. There is an urgent need of creating awareness programmes for the early identification of hypertensive cases and regular treatment, particularly in under-serviced rural India. Interventions should be made targeting specific population groups to tackle inequality in healthcare utilization.

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“…Among this self-reported, diagnosis of hypertension was found to be only 8.86%. 10 About half of the hypertensive subjects among the general population were aware of the condition, and the hidden part of the iceberg constitutes important undiagnosed subjects with hypertension. 11 Many factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension were reported as age, less than or more than average body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, literacy status, religion, caste, and geographical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unattended silent killer: A facility-based cross-sectional study on undiagnosed hypertension from Haryana, India

et al. 2022

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Background: Non-communicable diseases are on the upsurge throughout the world. They take a toll of 71% of overall total death, majorly contributed by cardiovascular disease. Hypertension has been a consistent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among the various risk factors. Hypertension’s asymptomatic nature makes it a silent killer; many lives are avertable if a timely diagnosis can be assured. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among the attendees of a sub-district hospital. Materials and Methods: We conveniently chose 100 participants of age 30 years from the out-patient department of a sub-district hospital in Gohana, Haryana. Any attendees aged more than 30 years was requested to participate in the study. The execution of the study was done in accordance to the guidelines laid in Helsinki Declaration 1975, revised 1983. Due permission was taken from the concerned authority of the study facility. After obtaining well-informed consent, data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The blood pressure was measured and classified per JNC-8 guidelines. Any participant having systolic B.P. more than 140 mmHg and diastolic B.P. more than 90 mmHg on two 5 min apart readings was considered hypertensive. The descriptive analysis was done in terms of frequencies and proportions. The Chi-square test was done to determine any association of undiagnosed hypertension with selected risk factors. Results: We report a 59% prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among study participants. The undiagnosed hypertension was statistically associated (P<0.05) with higher body mass index, less physically active, being a diabetic, alcoholic, smoker, and having a positive family history of hypertension. Only 2% of the participants knew of any health program on non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension even after health facility visits for any other reason warrants the standardized and universal blood pressure measurement of patients visiting health facilities irrespective of the health issue, for which they are visiting.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15–49 years in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey-4 data

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Undiagnosed hypertension in Sudan: results of the cross-sectional national STEPS survey in 2016

Undiagnosed hypertension in Sudan: results of the cross-sectional national STEPS survey in 2016

Decomposing the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated and under-treated hypertension among older adults in India

An unattended silent killer: A facility-based cross-sectional study on undiagnosed hypertension from Haryana, India

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