RETRACTED ARTICLE: The risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage undergone hematoma puncture: what should we care

Abstract

Background Intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage is very common in the department of neurosurgery, yet the relevant risks remain unknown. We attempted to analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma, to provide insights into the management of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma. Methods Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected, the related characteristics of intracranial infection and no infection patients were compared. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors for intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma. Results A total of 925 patients with puncture of cerebral hematoma were included. The incidence of postoperative intracranial infection was 7.03%. There were significant statistical differences between the infected group and the no infection group in the American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, length of hospital stay, consecutive operation, duration of surgery, extra-ventricular drainage (EVD) use (all p < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the duration of EVD between the infection and no infection groups (p = 0.002), and there was no significant difference in the frequency of EVD insertion between the two groups (p = 0.094). The length of hospital stay≥10 days (OR1.832, 1.062–3.158), consecutive operation (OR2.158, 1.358–3.430), duration of surgery≥4 h (OR1.581, 1.031–2.425), EVD use (OR1.694, 1.074–2.670), and duration of EVD ≥ 7 days (OR2.699, 1.689–4.311) were the risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical medical workers should take corresponding preventive measures against the different risk factors for prevention of intracranial infection in patient with puncture of cerebral hematoma.

[Retracted] Analysis of the Factors Related to Intracranial Infection after Brain Tumor Surgery

“…As one of the common complications after craniotomy, intracranial infection will not only prolong the hospital stay, but also increase the medical burden and even threaten the life and health of patients. erefore, in the early stage of craniotomy, it is of great significance to screen the risk factors of postoperative intracranial infection and take corresponding measures to reduce the incidence of intracranial infection and improve the prognosis [5].…”

Prediction of Intracranial Infection in Patients under External Ventricular Drainage and Neurological Intensive Care: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Considering its hazards and high incidence (2–22% according to the published literature) [ 5 ], scholars have tried to build predictive models for EVD-associated intracranial infections and find prevention strategies. Zhang et al considered that ASA grades, length of hospital stay, consecutive operation, and prolonged surgery time may contribute to the occurrence of EVD-associated intracranial infections [ 18 ]. Yang and colleagues found that prolonged postoperative ICU stays, frequent CSF sampling, longer duration of EVD, and preoperative intubation were independent risk factors for EVD-associated intracranial infections [ 19 ].…”

Risk factors and preventive measures of intracranial infection after neurosurgery

“…Another example is that the scalp wound is not removed in time after healing after operation, and the suture stump of subcutaneous fascia layer is too long, which leads to foreign body reaction; After surgical decompression of bone ap, poor suture of cap aponeurosis, imprecise suture of dura mater or imprecise suture of cortex can cause postoperative cerebrospinal uid leakage, which leads to brain tissue communicating with the outside world and easily invading pathogenic microorganisms [14] . Especially, the placement of ventricular drainage tube may lead to bacteria crawling or intracranial infection, and the drainage uid ows back to the brain, resulting in retrograde intracranial infection [15] . Finally, the second operation will lead to the accumulation of the above risk factors, which will directly lead to the increase of postoperative infection rate.…”