RETRACTED: Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Darestani, Nadia Ghasemi; Bahrami, Abolfazl; Mozafarian, Mohammad Reza; Afyouni, Nazgol Esmalian; Akhavanfar, Roozbeh; Abouali, Reza; Moradian, Arsalan; Lorase, Saman

doi:10.3390/nu14214627

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In particular, excessive and/or abnormal Th1 and Th17 cell responses are involved in chronic inflammation and mediate several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis [ 30 , 31 ]. Of note, decreased omega-3 PUFAs are associated with such autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis, where Th1/Th17 cells play a key role in the pathogenesis [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The fact that DCs are able to enhance Th1 and Th17 cells and DHA plays a critical role in this suggests that these antigen presenting cells might act on the ability of this omega-3 PUFA to skew the polarization of naïve T cells into Th cells and this is worth further mechanistic characterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses

Talamonti

Jacobsson

Chiurchiù

2023

IJMS

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Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. DHA is obtained through the action of elongases (ELOVLs) and desaturases, among which Elovl2 is the key enzyme involved in its synthesis, and can be further metabolized into several mediators that regulate the resolution of inflammation. Our group has recently reported that ELOVL2 deficient mice (Elovl2−/−) not only display reduced DHA levels in several tissues, but they also have higher pro-inflammatory responses in the brain, including the activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages. However, whether impaired synthesis of DHA affects cells of adaptive immunity, i.e., T lymphocytes, is unexplored. Here we show that Elovl2−/− mice have significantly higher lymphocytes in peripheral blood and that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets produce greater amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both blood and spleen compared to wild type mice, with a higher percentage of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) as well as IFN-γ-producing Th1 and IL-17-producing Th17 CD4+ cells. Furthermore, we also found that DHA deficiency impacts the cross-talk between dendritic cells (DC) and T cells, inasmuch as mature DCs of Elovl2−/− mice bear higher expression of activation markers (CD80, CD86 and MHC-II) and enhance the polarization of Th1 and Th17 cells. Reintroducing DHA back into the diets of Elovl2−/− mice reversed the exacerbated immune responses observed in T cells. Hence, impairment of endogenous synthesis of DHA exacerbates T cell inflammatory responses, accounting for an important role of DHA in regulating adaptive immunity and in potentially counteracting T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation or autoimmunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses

Talamonti

Jacobsson

Chiurchiù

2023

IJMS

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“…As reviewed recently, amino acid derivatives may alleviate inflammation and improve energy expenditure and obesity by targeting PPARs ( 98 ). Furthermore, PUFAs are involved in resolution of inflammation ( 99 , 100 ). Dietary ω -3 and ω -6 PUFAs upregulate gene expression of PPARs, thereby suppressing inflammation and lipid accumulation ( 101 ).…”

Section: Natural Compounds In Regulation Of Pparsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PUFAs are involved in resolution of inflammation(99,100). Dietary ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs upregulate gene expression of PPARs, thereby suppressing inflammation and lipid accumulation (101).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation

Zhang,

Shi

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.

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“…The findings of a meta-analysis conducted on cohort studies suggest an inverse association between blood ω-3 fatty acids concentrations and the expression of inflammatory genes. This observation implies that blood ω-3 fatty acid concentrations might serve as promising indicators for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of MS [33]. However, more clinical studies are necessary to validate the possible impact of ω-3 fatty acids on multiple sclerosis therapy.…”

Section: The Neuroprotective Effect Of the Palmaria P Bioactive Const...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic

Yousof,

Alghamdi,

Alqurashi

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Background: Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection. Objective: To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7. Results: Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity. Conclusions: Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of −3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.

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RETRACTED: Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses

Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses

Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation

Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic

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