RETRACTED: Astrocyte response to melatonin treatment in rats under high-carbohydrate high-fat diet

Astrocyte regulation of extracellular space parameters across the sleep-wake cycle

“…Immune factors are also able to directly influence circadian activity within astrocytes, with Duhart et al (2013) showing that TNFα activation of astrocytes in the SCN alters expression of proteins that regulate their own internal clocks, which could have significant consequences for phase shifts within sleep, as well as overall state changes between sleep and wakefulness. On the other hand, melatonin, a robust sleep-promoting hormone, has a neuroprotective effect in attenuating astrogliosis ( Babaee et al, 2015 ; Yawoot et al, 2022 ; Dorranipour et al, 2024 ) and associated immune responses in animal models of TBI, obesity, and hypoxia ( Kaur et al, 2008 ; Babaee et al, 2015 ; Dorranipour et al, 2024 ). Importantly, it has also been shown to reduce edema ( Kondoh et al, 2002 ; Li et al, 2014 ), potentially through interfering with AQP4-mediated swelling ( Li et al, 2014 ).…”