RETRACTED: Biochar production: Recent developments, applications, and challenges

Danesh, Payam; Niaparast, Parsa; Ghorbannezhad, Payam; Ali, Imtiaz

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126889

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Such a thermal decomposition process is referred to as pyrolysis. The most commonly used pyrolysis temperature is in the range of 400–600 °C [ 2 ], but a larger range of 200–1000 °C is reported [ 3 ]. When the thermal decomposition temperature is over 1000 °C and up to1600 °C, the process is named gasification.…”

Section: Introduction: Biochar (Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of biomass at 200–300 °C heating at <50 °C/min is named torrefaction, leading to a torrefied biomass with a high content of BC (69–80%), while hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in the presence of oxygen, carried out at 400–1000 °C and a very low heating rate (<1 °C/min), leads to the obtainment of hydro char (HC) (50–70% BC), also referred to as HTC material [ 3 ]. HC is a solid material distinct from BC due to its production process and properties [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introduction: Biochar (Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bamboo-Based Biochar: A Still Too Little-Studied Black Gold and Its Current Applications

Alfei,

Pandoli

2024

JoX

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Biochar (BC), also referred to as “black gold”, is a carbon heterogeneous material rich in aromatic systems and minerals, preparable by the thermal decomposition of vegetable and animal biomasses in controlled conditions and with clean technology. Due to its adsorption ability and presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), BC has demonstrated, among other uses, great potential in the removal of environmental organic and inorganic xenobiotics. Bamboo is an evergreen perennial flowering plant characterized by a short five-year growth period, fast harvesting, and large production in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide, thus representing an attractive, low-cost, eco-friendly, and renewable bioresource for producing BC. Due to their large surface area and increased porosity, the pyrolyzed derivatives of bamboo, including bamboo biochar (BBC) or activated BBC (ABBC), are considered great bio-adsorbent materials for removing heavy metals, as well as organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater and soil, thus improving plant growth and production yield. Nowadays, the increasing technological applications of BBC and ABBC also include their employment as energy sources, to catalyze chemical reactions, to develop thermoelectrical devices, as 3D solar vapor-generation devices for water desalination, and as efficient photothermal-conversion devices. Anyway, although it has great potential as an alternative biomass to wood to produce BC, thus paving the way for new bio- and circular economy solutions, the study of bamboo-derived biomasses is still in its infancy. In this context, the main scope of this review was to support an increasing production of BBC and ABBC and to stimulate further studies about their possible applications, thus enlarging the current knowledge about these materials and allowing their more rational, safer, and optimized application. To this end, after having provided background concerning BC, its production methods, and its main applications, we have reviewed and discussed the main studies on BBC and ABBC and their applications reported in recent years.

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Section: Introduction: Biochar (Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Biochar (Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo-Based Biochar: A Still Too Little-Studied Black Gold and Its Current Applications

Alfei,

Pandoli

2024

JoX

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“…As a new, green, environmentally friendly, economical, and easily available adsorption material, biochar has become one of the hot spots of international scholars. , Biochar is an aromatized carbon-rich material formed by high-temperature pyrolysis (250–700 °C) of biomass under anaerobic conditions. It has a large specific surface area, a developed pore structure, abundant surface functional groups, and excellent adsorption performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Characteristics of Ball Milling-Modified Chinese Medicine Residue Biochar Toward Quercetin

Li,

Xie,

Chen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Using traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials, different biochars (BC) were prepared through oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, and BC was ball-milled to produce ball-milled biochar (BMC). Using these adsorbents to adsorb the allelopathic autotoxic substance quercetin. The physical and chemical properties of various biochars derived from traditional Chinese medicine residues were characterized using the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller-N2 surface areas (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy (Raman). The study investigated the effects of the initial pH value, different humic acid concentrations, and multiple adsorption− desorption experiments on the removal of quercetin from the solution. The article discusses the adsorption mechanism of quercetin in solution by biochar from a traditional Chinese medicine residue, based on the results of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitting. The findings indicate that increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces the oxygen-containing functional groups of BC, enhances the aromaticity, and stabilizes the carbon structure. The pore structure of BMC becomes more complex after ball milling, which increases the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. Among the samples tested, BMC700 exhibits the best adsorption performance, with an adsorption capacity of 293.3 mg•g −1 at 318 K. The adsorption process of quercetin by BMC700 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The process is primarily a form of multimolecular layer adsorption. Its mechanism involves the pore-filling effect, hydrogen-bonding interaction, electrostatic interaction, and π−π coexistence, as well as the yoke effect. Additionally, they are highly recyclable and show promise in addressing continuous cropping issues.

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“…To mitigate the deleterious impact of Palmer amaranth on agriculture and explore its potential reuse, we propose its utilization as a novel biochar source for MO adsorption. Various techniques, such as slow pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification and flash carbonization, have been employed in biochar preparation [27,28]. Among these, slow pyrolysis stands out as the preferred method, as biochar produced through this process typically exhibits heightened porosity and increased surface functional groups, resulting in superior adsorption properties [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Phase Using Chitosan–Palmer Amaranth Biochar Composite Microspheres

Chen,

Yin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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To develop valuable applications for the invasive weed Palmer amaranth, we utilized it as a novel biochar source and explored its potential for methyl orange adsorption through the synthesis of chitosan-encapsulated Palmer amaranth biochar composite microspheres. Firstly, the prepared microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and were demonstrated to have a surface area of 19.6 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.0664 cm3/g and an average pore diameter of 10.6 nm. Then, the influences of pH, dosage and salt type and concentration on the adsorption efficiency were systematically investigated alongside the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The results reveal that the highest adsorption capacity of methyl orange was obtained at pH 4.0. The adsorption process was well fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and was spontaneous and endothermic. Through the Langmuir model, the maximal adsorption capacities of methyl orange were calculated as 495.0, 537.1 and 554.3 mg/g at 25.0, 35.0 and 45.0 °C, respectively. Subsequently, the adsorption mechanisms were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. It is indicated that electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions and hydrophobic interactions between methyl orange and the composite microspheres were pivotal for the adsorption process. Finally, the regeneration studies demonstrated that after five adsorption–desorption cycles, the microspheres still maintained 93.6% of their initial adsorption capacity for methyl orange. This work not only presents a promising method for mitigating methyl orange pollution but also offers a sustainable approach to managing Palmer amaranth invasion.

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RETRACTED: Biochar production: Recent developments, applications, and challenges

Cited by 42 publications

References 70 publications

Bamboo-Based Biochar: A Still Too Little-Studied Black Gold and Its Current Applications

Bamboo-Based Biochar: A Still Too Little-Studied Black Gold and Its Current Applications

Adsorption Characteristics of Ball Milling-Modified Chinese Medicine Residue Biochar Toward Quercetin

Enhanced Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Phase Using Chitosan–Palmer Amaranth Biochar Composite Microspheres

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