“…Nigerian oil and gas industry has been opened to FDIs for over 60 decades (Klieman, 2012; Hassan, 2013a), and the country is still very much open to such investments. Empirical evidence from several studies reveals that Nigerian environmental regulations are weak (Hassan and Kouhy, 2013b; Olujobi and Olusola‐Olujobi, 2020), corruption thrives in its oil and gas industry (Klieman, 2012; Ejiogu et al ., 2019; Das, 2020), and the country is poor (Evans and Kelikume, 2019). Although it has to be admitted that Nigeria derives tremendous benefits from the productive activities in its oil and gas industry, mainly carried out by foreign MNCs, still its economy sustains enormous negative environmental impacts principally in the form of gas flaring and oil spillage.…”