RETRACTED: CRISPR/Cas9: A revolutionary genome editing tool for human cancers treatment

Abstract

Cancer is a genetic disease stemming from genetic and epigenetic mutations and is the second most common cause of death across the globe. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an emerging gene-editing tool, acting as a defense system in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds immense potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment and has been utilized to develop cancer disease models such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma mice models. In diagnostics, CRISPR can be used to quickly and efficiently detect genes involved in various cancer development, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated cancer immunotherapy is a well-known treatment option after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It has marked a turning point in cancer treatment. However, despite its advantages and tremendous potential, there are many challenges such as off-target effects, editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into the target cells and tissues, and low efficiency of HDR, which are some of the main issues and need further research and development for completely clinical application of this novel gene editing tool. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated cancer treatment method, its role and applications in various cancer treatments, its challenges, and possible solution to counter these challenges.

Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future

“…When combined with minicircle DNA technology, LHNPs show high effectiveness in cell culture. LHNPs can be tailored for targeted gene suppression in malignancies, especially brain tumors [ 963 ]. Additionally, LHNPs can be produced using an autocatalytic brain-tumor-targeting mechanism, which allows targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to brain tumors.…”

Review of Computational Methods and Database Sources for Predicting the Effects of Coding Frameshift Small Insertion and Deletion Variations

“… 104 This integrated approach helps identify novel regulatory mechanisms and gene interactions impacting the development of genetic diseases. 105 Utilizing Gene Editing Tools for Correcting Coding Frameshift Variations: Several gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 106 and homologous directed repair (HDR), 107 have emerged to correct coding frameshift variations. By precisely introducing or eliminating genes, they rectify the reading frame, introducing potential therapeutic avenues for genetic disorders.…”

Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for advancing precision medicine in oncology: from target discovery to disease modeling

“…These cellular models are fast to generate, cost-effective, multiplexable, and scalable, making them suitable for high-throughput screening. They have been widely used for mechanistic analysis, gene interaction mapping, and target validation in different cancer types ( Jalaleddine et al, 2019 ; Christodoulou et al, 2021 ; Jefremow et al, 2021 ; Akram et al, 2022 ; Przybyla and Gilbert, 2022 ). For instance, Zhang et al (2019) used CRISPR/Cas9 in gastric cancer cell lines to study the role of the transcription factor, prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF), in promoting tumorigenesis.…”