RETRACTED: Cytoprotective Effect of Benzyl N'-(5-Chloro-indol-3-yl-methylidene)-hydrazinecarbodithioate against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

Abstract

Indolic compounds have attracted a lot of attention due to their interesting biological properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the subacute toxicity and anti-ulcer activity of BClHC against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Experimental animal groups were orally pre-treated with different doses of BClHC (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in 10% Tween 20 solution (vehicle). Blank and ulcer control groups were pre-treated with vehicle. The positive group was orally pretreated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. After one hour, all groups received absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg) to generate gastric mucosal injury except the blank control group which was administered the vehicle solution. After an additional hour, all rats were sacrificed, and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either derivative or omeprazole resulted in significant protection of gastric mucosal injury. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with BClHC. Histological studies of the gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either BClHC or omeprazole where there were marked gastric protection along with reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Subacute toxicity study with a higher dose of derivative (5 g/kg) did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. In conclusions, the present finding suggests that benzyl N'-(5-chloroindol-3-ylmethylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer.

Protective effect of Pu-erh tea extracts against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

“…The gastric mucus layer is the first line of defense that serves to protect stomach tissue from external stimuli ( 14 ). Mucosal defensive factors enable the mucosa to remain intact despite its frequent exposure to external substances and ranging temperature, pH and osmolarity, and notably, to substances with detergent or cytotoxic action and bacterial products that induce local and systemic inflammatory reactions ( 36 , 37 ).…”

Gamma (γ)-mangostin attenuated gastric ulcers induced by absolute alcohol in rats: Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical investigation

“…Follow-on slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain and examined under light microscope (Salga et al 2011;Hashim et al 2012). To examine mucus production, the specimens of glandular portion of stomach were stained with periodic acid schiff (PAS) stain using Sigma's PAS Kit and changes in both acidic and basic glycoproteins were observed and analyzed as per manufacturer instructions (Fard et al 2011;Gwaram et al 2012).…”

RETRACTED: Hashim et al. Cytoprotective Effect of Benzyl N'-(5-Chloro-indol-3-yl-methylidene)-hydrazinecarbodithioate against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Molecules 2012, 17, 9306–9320

“…I have been made aware of that fact that substantial parts of our paper published in Molecules [1] duplicate the contents of another paper previously published under our names in African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2] of which existence I was unaware. Although the compounds reported in both papers are different, I was not aware of the same biological data being used in the earlier publication.…”