Retracted: Dual‐Ion Stabilized Layered Structure of OVO for Zero‐Strain Potassium Insertion and Extraction

Abstract

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIB) have similar energy storage mechanism with lithium‐ion battery, but the potassium (K) resource is rich, which shows great potential for large‐scale energy storage system. Recently, the anode materials of KIB studied mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides, and alloy materials. The amorphous hard carbon shows the best comprehensive performance, but its intercalation potential is close to 0 V (versus K + /K), which is easy to cause K dendrite and brings security risks. The oxide materials have high capacity but high intercalation potential, low first cycle efficiency, and unstable cycle. Here, based on the understanding of the K intercalation mechanism of vanadium oxides, a novel zero strain anode material with layered structure of dual‐ions (Na + /K + ) is designed (NaK(VO 3 ) 2 —V 2 O 5 ). The introduction of Na/K ion contributed to the transmission and further stabilized the structure. It has an excellent rate performance (10 A g −1 , up to 25 000th cycle), and its special K storage mechanism and zero‐strain characteristics are revealed for the first time by ex situ scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other test methods. Considering the excellent performance endowed by these unique inherent properties, NaK(VO 3 ) 2 —V 2 O 5 shows great potential for commercial anode materials and may promote the innovation of KIB.

Preparation of porous silicon composite anode material coated with open pore polymethyl acrylate and its electrochemical performance as a carbon source

“…Both materials exhibit strong reduction peaks between 0 and 0.1 V, corresponding to Li + insertion into the active material to generate the Li x Si alloy. 36 The oxidation peak during the forward sweep between 0.3 and 0.6 V corresponds to the delithiation of the Li x Si alloy to produce crystalline silicon. 37 The redox potential of the PSi@C-3:16 electrode subsequently returned to that of the PSi electrode over the next two cycles.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Separator to Activate Dead Potassium for Efficient Potassium Batteries

“…Over the past few decades, a variety of secondary batteries have been developed, such as lithium-ion, sodiumion, zinc-ion, and potassium-ion (K + ) batteries [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among the diverse rechargeable battery systems, potassium metal batteries (KMBs) have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density (685 mAh g −1 ) [17][18][19][20][21][22], low costs, and reduction potential, which have led them to be considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries [23][24][25][26][27]. However, the K metal negative electrode has suffered from the issues of dendrite growth upon plating/striping and volumetric expansion during cycling [28,29].…”

Stable Solid Electrolyte Interface Achieved by Separator Surface Modification for High-Performance Anode-free Potassium Metal Batteries

“…Potassium and sodium ion batteries are attractive because of their low redox potentials, high energy densities, and abundant resources (compared with lithium). − The design of high load and high energy density electrodes is helpful to promote their development and application. − In addition, potassium metal anodes with a lower cost, lower redox potential, and higher abundance are more likely to be used in high power grid energy storage systems. − Unfortunately, the practical application of K metal batteries (KMBs) is restricted by some complex issues. First, the higher chemical activity between K metal and electrolytes as well as the larger volume change during potassium plating/stripping will inevitably lead to the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during charge/discharge processes. − In addition, uneven deposition of potassium ions (K + ) will lead to uncontrollable K dendrite formation. , These factors inevitably lead to the low Coulombic efficiency (CE), poor cycle performance, and weak rate performance of K metal anodes …”