Retracted: Effects of Whey Peptides on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that peptides derived from milk proteins can improve blood pressure. Therefore, the authors tested the blood pressure-lowering effects of a hydrolyzed whey protein supplement rich in bioactive peptides. In a 6-week controlled study, 30 prehypertensive or stage 1 hypertensive subjects (blood pressure >or=120/80 mm Hg and <or=155/95 mm Hg) were randomized to receive 20 g/d of either a hydrolyzed whey protein (active treatment) or an unmodified whey protein (control treatment). Blood pressure, blood lipids, safety measures, side effects, and diet were evaluated throughout the trial. After completion of treatment, a 4-week follow-up was conducted. There was a mean reduction of 8.0+/-3.2 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (P<.05) and of 5.5+/-2.1 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (P<.05) in the treatment group compared with the control group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly improved by treatment. Whey-derived peptides might be a viable treatment option for prehypertensive and/or stage 1 hypertensive populations.

Effects of Dairy Protein and Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

“…Consumption of WP and WPH (28 g/day) during a 6-week period reduced SBP, DBP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with baseline, with no significant difference between the two groups of young individuals consuming 28 g per day of either hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed whey protein [58]. Likewise, SBP and DBP were reduced in hypertensive subjects after 6 weeks of ingestion of WP-derived peptides (20 g/day) [59]. Therefore, whey-derived peptides may have a potential to reduce both SBP and DBP, however more studies are needed to identify the activating peptides and their mechanism of action.…”

The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension

“…The daily recommended intake of protein from all sources is 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg body weight, varying with exercise level, age, renal function and other factors [1,70,71] . Fermented milk supplemented with whey protein concentrate significantly reduces BP in human studies [102][103][104][105][106] . Administration of 20 g/d of hydrolyzed whey protein supplement rich in bioactive peptides significantly reduced BP over 6 wk by 8.0 ± 3.2 mmHg in SBP and 5.5 ± 2.1 mm in diastolic BP [103] .…”

“…Fermented milk supplemented with whey protein concentrate significantly reduces BP in human studies [102][103][104][105][106] . Administration of 20 g/d of hydrolyzed whey protein supplement rich in bioactive peptides significantly reduced BP over 6 wk by 8.0 ± 3.2 mmHg in SBP and 5.5 ± 2.1 mm in diastolic BP [103] . Milk peptides which contain both caseins and whey proteins are a rich source of ACEI peptides.…”

“…These components include B-caseins, B-lg fractions, B2-microglobulin and serum albumin [102][103][104]111] . The enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein isolates releases ACEI peptides.…”

“…Bovine casein-derived peptides and whey protein-derived peptides exhibit ACEI activity [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] . These components include B-caseins, B-lg fractions, B2-microglobulin and serum albumin [102][103][104]111] .…”