10 a long tradition of research has found that being married is associated with better mental health, lower rates of chronic illness, fewer functioning problems and disabilities, and longer life expectancy in the United states (pienta, Hayward, & Jenkins, 2000;Umberson, thomeer, & Williams, 2013;Waite & gallagher, 2000). More recent research on marriage and health has suggested that health is influenced not only by current marital status but also by marital history (dupre & Meadows, 2007;Hughes & Waite, 2009;Zhang & Hayward, 2006). growing interest in how cumulative marital history, or marital biography, impacts health in later life can be attributed both to substantial changes in american family life over the past few decades and to the growing prominence of the life course perspective in health research. this this research was supported in part by an nICHd center grant to the population studies Center at the University of Michigan (r24 Hd041028) and a national Institute on aging grant (K01ag043417, principal investigator, Hui liu). We are grateful to n. e. Barr for editorial assistance.