RETRACTED: Influence of carbon and graphene oxide nanoparticle on the adhesive properties of dentin bonding polymer: A SEM, EDX, FTIR study

Abstract

Objective: This study was aimed at including 2.5 wt.% of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and graphene oxide NPs (GNPs) in a control adhesive (CA) and then investigate the effect of this inclusion on their mechanical properties and its adhesion to root dentin. Materials and methods: Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping were conducted to investigate the structural features and elemental distribution of CNPs and GNPs, respectively. These NPs were further characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The adhesives were characterized by evaluating their push-out bond strength (PBS), rheological properties, degree of conversion (DC) investigation, and failure type analysis. Results: The SEM micrographs revealed that the CNPs were irregular and hexagonal, whereas the GNPs were flake-shaped. EDX analysis showed that carbon (C), oxygen (O), and zirconia (Zr) were found in the CNPs, while the GNPs were composed of C and O. The Raman spectra for CNPs and GNPs revealed their characteristic bands (CNPs-D band: 1334 cm−1, GNPs-D band: 1341 cm−1, CNPs-G band: 1650 cm−1, and GNPs-G band: 1607 cm−1). The testing verified that the highest bond strength to root dentin were detected for GNP-reinforced adhesive (33.20 ± 3.55 MPa), trailed closely by CNP-reinforced adhesive (30.48 ± 3.10 MPa), while, the CA displayed lowest values (25.11 ± 3.60 MPa). The inter-group comparisons of the NP-reinforced adhesives with the CA revealed statistically significant results ( p < 0.01). Failures of adhesive nature were most common in within the adhesives and root dentin. The rheological assessment results demonstrated a reduced viscosity for all the adhesives observed at advanced angular frequencies. All the adhesives verified suitable dentin interaction shown by hybrid layer and appropriate resin tag development. A reduced DC was perceived for both NP-reinforced adhesives, compared to the CA. Conclusion: The present study’s findings have demonstrated that 2.5% GNP adhesive revealed the highest, suitable root dentin interaction, and acceptable rheological properties. Nevertheless, a reduced DC was observed (matched with the CA). Prospective studies probing the influence of diverse concentrations of filler NPs on the adhesive’s mechanical properties to root dentin are recommended.

Self-Etch Adhesive-Loaded ZrO2/Ag3PO4 Nanoparticles on Caries-Affected Dentin: A Tensile Bond Strength, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Survival Rate Assessment of S. mutans, and Degree of Conversion Analysis

“…This phenomenon has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the antibacterial efficacy of nanoparticles [40][41][42]. Existing works in the literature have often suggested that increasing nanoparticle concentrations in adhesives may have a detrimental effect on the physical and mechanical properties of materials [21,43]. However, in the current study, it is evident that a higher concentration of ZrO 2 /Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles has a positive impact on the adhesive's bond strength.…”

“…EDX spectroscopy was employed to examine the elemental distribution and composition of the ZrO 2 /Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles [21][22][23].…”

Orthodontic adhesive loaded with different proportions of ZrO2 silver‐doped nanoparticles: An in vitro μTBS, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and antimicrobial analysis

“…To evaluate the occurrence of bond failure, the adhesive remanent index (ARI) was utilized as a measurement tool. The assessment was carried out by employing a digital microscope (Hirox KH 7700, Tokyo, Japan) (Alsunbul et al, 2023) The ARI scoring system used in the study involved the following scale: Score 0: No adhesive remaining on tooth structure (TS).…”