[Retracted] Influence of the Physical Inclusion of ZrO2/TiO2 Nanoparticles on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Characteristics of PMMA‐Based Interim Restorative Material

Abstract

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is often used in restorative dentistry for its easy fabrication, aesthetics, and low cost for interim restorations. However, poor mechanical properties to withstand complex masticatory forces are a concern for clinicians. Therefore, this study aimed to modify a commercially available PMMA-based temporary restorative material by adding TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles in different percentages as fillers and to investigate its physio-mechanical properties. Different percentages (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt%) of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles were mixed with the pristine PMMA resin (powder to liquid ratio: 1 : 1) and homogenized using high-speed mixer. The composites obtained were analyzed for their flexural strength (F.S.), elastic modulus (E.M.), Vickers hardness (H.V.), surface roughness Ra, morphology and water contact angle (WCA). The mean average was determined with standard deviation (SD) to analyze the results, and a basic comparison test was conducted. The results inferred that adding a small amount (0.5 wt%) of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) could significantly enhance the physio-mechanical and morphological characteristics of PMMA interim restorations. EM and surface hardness increased with increasing filler content, with 3.0 wt.% ZrO2 exhibiting the highest EM (3851.28 MPa), followed by 3.0 wt.% TiO2 (3632.34 MPa). The WCA was significantly reduced from 91.32 ± 4.21 ° (control) to 66.30 ± 4.23 ° for 3.0 wt.% ZrO2 and 69.88 ± 3.55 ° for 3.0 wt.% TiO2. Therefore, TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs could potentially be used as fillers to improve the performance of PMMA and similar interim restorations.

Mechanical and Biological Characterization of PMMA/Al2O3 Composites for Dental Implant Abutments

“…The difference in the water contact angle between PMMA and the PMMA/Al 2 O 3 50/50 composite is highlighted in Figure 3. This result is unexpected considering that (a) alumina is deemed inherently hydrophilic, and (b) fillers such as TiO 2 and ZrO 2 are expected to improve the hydrophilic behavior of the polymer matrix surface [42,43]. However, in our previous work [33], in which we analyzed the role of alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) loading on the mechanical and biological properties of UHMWPE, we found a contact angle of 119 • for UHMWPE/ATZ 97.5/2.5 wt.% (whereas the UHMWPE contact angle with water was about 86 • ).…”

Impact of Nanoparticle Addition on the Surface and Color Properties of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Polymer-Based Provisional Restorations

“…Each laboratory step was conducted by a single investigator for both resin materials. The discs were subjected to Vickers hardness indenter (HMV-2 Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan) [28,29] at 100 g of force for 15 s (ASTM C1327-03 standard [30]) [29,31] at three random locations on the specimen's surface. The specimen's hardness value (VH) The discs were subjected to Vickers hardness indenter (HMV-2 Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan) [28,29] at 100 g of force for 15 s (ASTM C1327-03 standard [30]) [29,31] at three random locations on the specimen's surface.…”

Effective paracetamol sensor activity, thermal barrier coating (TBC), and UV-light-driven photocatalytic studies of ZrxO2:Mg2+(1−x) nanoparticles

“…Nowadays, nanoparticles are effectively applied in various applications due to their physicochemical characteristics. 37,48,49 Hence, we focused on TBCs for gas turbine blades used in aerospace applications to minimize heat emission. The gas turbines were operated under an aggressive environment, which requires designed materials to withstand high temperatures, stress and fatigue loads with economical and durability concerns.…”