To overcome the disadvantage such as the large measurement error, the complex and ponderous composing, and the fussy manual work existing in the current measuring methods for the parameters of gun chamber, a new measuring system based the CCD imaging and the capacitive grating sensor is brought out, moreover, this paper expounds the form and the measuring principle, and analyzes the measuring accuracy of the system in detail. The result shows the new measuring principle is viable, and the new system has the simple composing and the high measurement accuracy, and can suffice the test requirement at the shooting range.