RETRACTED: Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder

Abstract

<jats:p>Reactive powder composites Cu-(0–15%)TiH2 containing up to 5% native Cu2O were manufactured by high energy ball milling and then hot-pressed to produce bulk nanostructured copper–matrix alloys reinforced by Cu3Ti3O inclusions. Two high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) protocols were employed for the fabrication of Cu-Ti alloys: single-stage and two-stage ball milling, resulting in an order of magnitude refinement of TiH2 particles in the reactive mixtures. Single-stage HEBM processing led to the partial retention of Ti in the microstructure of hot-pressed specimens as the α-Ti phase and formation of fine-grained (100–200 nm) copper matrix interspersed with 5–20 nm Cu3Ti3O precipitates, whereas the two-stage HEBM led to the complete conversion of TiH2 into the Cu3Ti3O phase during the hot pressing but produced a coarser copper matrix (1–2 μm) with 0.1–0.2 μm wide polycrystalline Cu3Ti3O layers on the boundaries of Cu grains. The alloy produced using single-stage HEBM was characterized by the highest strength (up to 950 MPa) and electrical conductivity (2.6 × 107 Sm/m) as well as the lowest specific wear rate (1.1 × 10−5 mm3/N/m). The tribological performance of the alloy was enhanced by the formation of Cu3Ti3O microfibers in the wear debris, which reduced the friction coefficient against the Al2O3 counter-body. The potential applications of the developed alloys are briefly discussed.</jats:p>

Engineering of strong and hard in-situ Al-Al3Ti nanocomposite via high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering

“…5b,c). The DSC curve has two broad endothermic peaks (350-600 °C), corresponding to the twostaged decomposition of TiH 2 [50][51][52][53]. The earlier onset of TiH 2 decomposition might result from the HEBM treatment, due to the increased defect density or smaller grain size.…”

Prediction of Hardness of Copper-based Nanocomposites Fabricated by Ball-milling using A Rtificial Neural Network

“…The common methods for fabrication copper composites including in-situ reduction [14], melting and casting [15,16], electrolysis [17], hydrothermal [18], severe plastic deformation (SPD) [19], sol-gel [20,21], accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) [22], and high-energy ball milling [5,23]. Among these approaches, mechanical alloying is a simple, inexpensive, and environmental-friendly process with the uniform dispersion of the alloying elements and has been widely used for the fabrication of advanced materials and nanocomposites [24,25].…”

Akımsız nikel kaplama süresinin yeni tür dentritik bakır-nikel alaşım tozlarının özellikleri üzerine etkisi

“…Bu özellik onları katalizde, özellikle CO2 emisyonlarının azaltılmasında mükemmel performans gösterdikleri elektro kataliz alanında kullanım için çekici bir malzeme haline getirmektedir [2,3]. Ayrıca, dentritik bakır tozlarının yüksek saflığı, onları implante edilebilir tıbbi cihazlar ve sensörler gibi biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanıma uygun hale getirir [4]. Yüksek saflıkta dentritik bakır tozlarının kullanılması, saf olmayan bakır tozları kullanıldığında meydana gelebilecek korozyon ve diğer olumsuz reaksiyon riskini azaltmaktadır [5].…”