RETRACTED: National construction and LGBTI rights: Exploring Catalan homonationalism

Eastern others: Homonationalism in the Flemish press

“…Despite being a Flemish parliament member and Flemish nationalist, De Bruyn refers to Belgium here as the national in-group, which may be surprising for a Flemish nationalist but which also makes sense as Belgium (not Flanders) is ranked on the Rainbow Index and most legislation of relevance to LGBTs is made on the Belgian level. Contrary to the Catalan case, where a region with national aspirations presents itself in contrast to a more conservative nation-state (Sadurn ı et al, 2019), in Flanders it is hard to maintain such an opposition as politicians across the country are equally accepting of LGBTQ rights, with the sole exception of extreme right party Vlaams Belang (Eeckhout, 2014). The contrast, in Flanders, is not with a conservative nation-state but with internal (Muslim) and external (Eastern) others.…”

‘When one doesn't even exist’: Europeanization, trans* subjectivities and agency in Cyprus

“…LGBTI identity struggle, in which the 'non-European/non-western' gender-and sexualitynonconforming other is articulated as a threat to the nation and its 'Europeanness' (Kamenou, 2011(Kamenou, , 2012(Kamenou, , 2016(Kamenou, , 2019Paternotte, 2018;Puar, 2007Puar, , 2013Rexhepi, 2016;Sadurní et al, 2017). Namely, some Cypriot LGBTIs reproduce nationalist and essentialist conceptions of gender and sexuality and exclusionary and imperialist conceptions of 'Europeanness' that render other LGBTIs as inferior (Kamenou 2012(Kamenou , 2019.…”

“…As the argument goes, Europeanization is not a linear process towards progress, and it serves to mask the major ‘west’ European powers’ colonial legacy. By citing the mushrooming of transnational LGBTI NGOs, these powers legitimate their self-assigned role as saviours of repressed minorities in ‘backward’ cultures, whom they leave devoid of agency (Bilić, 2016; Rahman, 2014; Renkin, 2016; Rexhepi, 2016; Sadurní et al., 2017). 6…”

“…Such changes are also inhibited by the fact that the country's EU admission and Europeanization discourses have reinforced existing hierarchical dichotomies and exclusionary discourses – including homonationalist discourses (Puar, 2007, 2013) – across and within ethnic lines. ‘Europe’ and the ‘west’ become sites of LGBTI identity struggle, in which the ‘non-European/non-western’ gender- and sexuality-nonconforming other is articulated as a threat to the nation and its ‘Europeanness’ (Kamenou, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2019; Paternotte, 2018; Puar, 2007, 2013; Rexhepi, 2016; Sadurní et al., 2017). Namely, some Cypriot LGBTIs reproduce nationalist and essentialist conceptions of gender and sexuality and exclusionary and imperialist conceptions of ‘Europeanness’ that render other LGBTIs as inferior (Kamenou 2012, 2019).…”

Inclusiones desiguales en Latinoamérica y Europa: homofobia y racismo bajo el prisma del homonacionalismo

“…Si bien los estudios empíricos realizados constatan la existencia de discursos homonacionalistas, no se han aportado evidencias de hasta qué punto la irrupción de estos discursos tiene su correspondencia en valores (Van Klinken, 2014). Establecer el centro de atención en los valores sociales que acompañan los discursos homonacionalistas exige desarrollar una propuesta de operativización y medición del concepto de homonacionalismo que aporte evidencias empíricas sobre si la constatación de la irrupción de discursos homonacionalistas en Europa se traduce y visibiliza en los valores de la sociedad (Swimelar, 2019;Tschalaer, 2019;Sadurní, Montenegro y Pujol, 2019;Dhoest, 2019;Cherry, 2018;Kehl, 2018). La operativización y medida del concepto de homonacionalismo, a partir de los datos provenientes de encuestas sobre valores sociales, va a permitir profundizar en el conocimiento del fenómeno, tanto a nivel académico como político y social; aportando evidencias empíricas en contextos diversos gracias a la comparación en tiempo y espacio.…”