[Retracted] Outcomes of Renal Stone Surgery Performed Either as Predonation or Ex Vivo Bench Procedure in Renal Grafts from Living Donors: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Aims. We aimed to summarize available evidence about intraoperative and postoperative donors’ and recipients’ outcomes following stone surgery in renal grafts from living donors performed either before donation or as ex vivo bench surgery at the time of living-donor nephrectomy. Methods. A systematic review of PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases was performed in September 2020. We included full papers that met the following criteria: original research, English language, human studies, and describing the results of stone surgery in renal grafts from living donors performed either before transplantation or as ex vivo bench surgery. Results. We identified 11 studies involving 106 patients aged between 22 and 72 years. Predonation and bench stone surgery was performed in 9 (8.5%) and 96 (90.6%) patients, respectively. Predonation stone surgery involved extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 8, 1, and 1 patient, respectively. The overall success rate of predonation stone surgery was 78%, and the complication rate was 0%. Bench stone surgery involved ureteroscopy, pyelolithotomy, or a combination of both in 79 (82.3%), 10 (10.4%), and 7 (7.3%) cases, respectively, with an overall success rate of 95.8% and an overall complication rate of 9.37%. Conclusions. Predonation and bench stone surgery in grafts from living donors represents efficacious and safe procedures. Further studies on wider series with a longer follow-up are required.

Nephrolithiasis in related kidney donors

“…Недавно проведенный систематический обзор показал, что пул живых доноров с уролитиазом в основном составляли пациенты с конкрементами чашечно-лоханочной системы от 1 до 15 мм [28]. Большинство публикаций посвящено удалению конкрементов «bench surgery», то есть при экстракорпоральной подготовке почки к трансплантации [11,12,19].…”

“…Методы удаления камней ex vivo распределились по данным одного из обзоров следующим образом: уретеронефроскопия -82%, пиелолитотомия -10% и комбинация этих методов -7% [28] [10]. Сложности ретроградной интраренальной эндоскопической хирургии ex vivo обусловлены в том числе нарушением пространственной ориентации и отсутствием кровотока в органе.…”

Renal involvement in COVID-19: focus on kidney transplant sector

“…Kidney disease developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of mortality [41,42] and patients in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19. European centers report a mortality rate of 20-30% in COVID-19 patients undergoing chronic dialysis [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], mostly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion of kidneys followed by a strong cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome and hypovolemia. Similar rates are reported from same centers in the USA [56,57].…”

“…Laboratory abnormalities include lymphocytopenia (83% of cases), thrombocytopenia (36%) and leukopenia (34%), increased levels of C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), urea nitrogen (BUN) and d -dimer [ 17 ]. Compared with younger subjects, those aging 60 or more are more prone to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection and, once infected, more frequently show a severe course of the illness [ 16 , 17 , 22 – 24 ]. The primary cause of COVID-19 severity and mortality are respiratory failure (69.5%), sepsis or multiorgan failure (28%), heart failure (14.6%) and kidney failure (3.7%).…”

Living Kidney Donation: Practical Considerations on Setting Up a Program

“…HbA1 ≥ 6.5% should be considered as a contraindication on the basis of established criteria for the general population. (g) Stone disease: urolithiasis in potential LDs represents a significant challenge [17].…”