[Retracted] Research on the Expression Level of Matrin‐Type Zinc Finger Protein 4 Gene in T Cells of Thyroid Carcinoma Tissue

Zhang, Qian; Song, Yingchun; Chen, Shengguang; Lv, Zhongwei

doi:10.1155/2022/9884155

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Previous studied have implicated the role of CHCHD6 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [ 36 ]. Though few studies have been conducted on the function of ZMAT4 , it has been implicated in myopia as well as thyroid cancer [ 37 , 38 ]. rs6474264, identified in intron 5 of ZMAT4 as being nominally significant by both measures, is protective of glaucoma medication non-adherence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heritable Risk and Protective Genetic Components of Glaucoma Medication Non-Adherence

Barr

Feehan

Tak

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting 76 million globally. It is characterized by irreversible damage to the optic nerve. Pharmacotherapy manages intraocular pressure (IOP) and slows disease progression. However, non-adherence to glaucoma medications remains problematic, with 41–71% of patients being non-adherent to their prescribed medication. Despite substantial investment in research, clinical effort, and patient education protocols, non-adherence remains high. Therefore, we aimed to determine if there is a substantive genetic component behind patients’ glaucoma medication non-adherence. We assessed glaucoma medication non-adherence with prescription refill data from the Marshfield Clinic Healthcare System’s pharmacy dispensing database. Two standard measures were calculated: the medication possession ratio (MPR) and the proportion of days covered (PDC). Non-adherence on each metric was defined as less than 80% medication coverage over 12 months. Genotyping was done using the Illumina HumanCoreExome BeadChip in addition to exome sequencing on the 230 patients (1) to calculate the heritability of glaucoma medication non-adherence and (2) to identify SNPs and/or coding variants in genes associated with medication non-adherence. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was utilized to derive biological meaning from any significant genes in aggregate. Over 12 months, 59% of patients were found to be non-adherent as measured by the MPR80, and 67% were non-adherent as measured by the PDC80. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) suggested that 57% (MPR80) and 48% (PDC80) of glaucoma medication non-adherence could be attributed to a genetic component. Missense mutations in TTC28, KIAA1731, ADAMTS5, OR2W3, OR10A6, SAXO2, KCTD18, CHCHD6, and UPK1A were all found to be significantly associated with glaucoma medication non-adherence by whole exome sequencing after Bonferroni correction (p < 10−3) (PDC80). While missense mutations in TINAG, CHCHD6, GSTZ1, and SEMA4G were found to be significantly associated with medication non-adherence by whole exome sequencing after Bonferroni correction (p < 10−3) (MPR80). The same coding SNP in CHCHD6 which functions in Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology was significant by both measures and increased risk for glaucoma medication non-adherence by three-fold (95% CI, 1.62–5.8). Although our study was underpowered for genome-wide significance, SNP rs6474264 within ZMAT4 (p = 5.54 × 10–6) was found to be nominally significant, with a decreased risk for glaucoma medication non-adherence (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42)). IPA demonstrated significant overlap, utilizing, both standard measures including opioid signaling, drug metabolism, and synaptogenesis signaling. CREB signaling in neurons (which is associated with enhancing the baseline firing rate for the formation of long-term potentiation in nerve fibers) was shown to have protective associations. Our results suggest a substantial heritable genetic component to glaucoma medication non-adherence (47–58%). This finding is in line with genetic studies of other conditions with a psychiatric component (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or alcohol dependence). Our findings suggest both risk and protective statistically significant genes/pathways underlying glaucoma medication non-adherence for the first time. Further studies investigating more diverse populations with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rs6474264, identified in intron 5 of ZMAT4 as being nominally significant by both measures, is protective of glaucoma medication non-adherence. Of note, rs7829127 and rs2137277, located in intron 1 of ZMAT4 , were found to be associated by both GWAS and meta-analysis with the risk of high myopia in the Han-Chinese [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable Risk and Protective Genetic Components of Glaucoma Medication Non-Adherence

Barr

Feehan

Tak

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%