Retracted: Role of Extracellular Phospholipase B of<i>Candida albicans</i>as a Virulent Factor in Experimental Keratomycosis

Ma, Lin; Xie, Lixin; Dong, Xiaoguang; Shi, Weiyun

doi:10.1080/02713680903056391

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…experimented with corneal stroma and reported that PLB comes into action immediately after fungal adherence by decomposing the phospholipid of cell membranes and leading to cell lysis. [ 11 ] In Candida , phospholipase activity is concentrated at the growing tip of the pseudohyphae. Ibrahim et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the prevalence, species distribution, and detection of in vitro production of phospholipase from Candida isolated from cases of invasive candidiasis

Sharma

Chumber

Kaur

2017

J Global Infect Dis

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Background and Aim:Candida spp. have emerged as successful pathogens both in invasive and mucosal infections. C. albicans is the sixth cause of most common nosocomial infections according to studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A shift toward non-albicans species has been reported. There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the virulence factors of Candida, especially from this part of India. The aim was to study the prevalence of Candida, speciate, and determine antifungal sensitivity along with the detection of in vitro production of phospholipases in 100 Candida isolates.Materials and Methods:A total of 100 Candida isolates from various clinical specimens were studied (February 1, 2015–May 31, 2015; 4 months). Speciation was done by conventional methods and antifungal drugs fluconazole and voriconazole tested. Phospholipase activity (Pz value) was determined.Results:Of the 100 Candida spp., 35% were C. albicans and 65% were nonalbicans Candida (NAC). Species spectrum was of the 100 isolates as follows: 35 were C. albicans, 17 Candida tropicalis, 6 Candida glabrata, 8 Candida guilliermondi, 1 Candida kefyr, 6 Candida krusei, 14 Candida parapsilosis, 2 Candida lusitaniae, and 1 Trichosporon and 10 Candida spp. (not speciated). Phospholipase production was seen in 81 (81%) of the total isolates. The majority (63%) of phospholipase producers were NAC. Among NAC spp., the maximum phospholipase activity was seen in C. tropicalis (30%) and C. parapsilosis (24%). Of these, 60% of Candida was from patients admitted to the hospital. Sensitivity rates of C. albicans for fluconazole and voriconazole were 89.5% and 90.5%, respectively.Conclusion:Increasing usage of devices, total parenteral nutrition, broad-spectrum antibiotics, chemotherapies, and transplantation are factors contributing to the increase of candidal infections. Recent studies underline the increasing frequency of infections by NAC. The present study showcases the increased prevalence as well as virulence of NAC. In addition, early detection of virulence factors by Candida is useful in clinical decision-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the prevalence, species distribution, and detection of in vitro production of phospholipase from Candida isolated from cases of invasive candidiasis

Sharma

Chumber

Kaur

2017

J Global Infect Dis

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“…The role of extracellular phospholipases, particularly phospholipase B (PLB), as potential virulence factors for pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans [ 4 , 5 ] , Cryptococcus neoformans [ 6 - 10 ], and Aspergillus fumigatus [ 11 ] has been reported, although the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Extracellular phospholipase activities have also been detected in in-vitro cultures of P. brasiliensis [ 12 ], and PLB has been postulated as a potential virulence factor for this pathogen by in-silico analysis [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Paracoccidioides brasiliensis phospholipase B involvement in alveolar macrophage interaction

et al. 2010

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BackgroundPhospholipase B (PLB) has been reported to be one of the virulence factors for human pathogenic fungi and has also been described as necessary for the early events in infection. Based on these data, we investigated the role of PLB in virulence and modulation of the alveolar pulmonary immune response during infection using an in-vitro model of host-pathogen interaction, i.e. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells infecting alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cells.ResultsThe effect of PLB was analyzed using the specific inhibitor alexidine dihydrochloride (0.25 μM), and pulmonary surfactant (100 μg mL-1), during 6 hours of co-cultivation of P. brasiliensis and MH-S cells. Alexidine dihydrochloride inhibited PLB activity by 66% and significantly decreased the adhesion and internalization of yeast cells by MH-S cells. Genes involved in phagocytosis (trl2, cd14) and the inflammatory response (nfkb, tnf-α, il-1β) were down-regulated in the presence of this PLB inhibitor. In contrast, PLB activity and internalization of yeast cells significantly increased in the presence of pulmonary surfactant; under this condition, genes such as clec2 and the pro-inflammatory inhibitor (nkrf) were up-regulated. Also, the pulmonary surfactant did not alter cytokine production, while alexidine dihydrochloride decreased the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and increased the levels of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, gene expression analysis of plb1, sod3 and icl1 suggests that P. brasiliensis gene re-programming is effective in facilitating adaptation to this inhospitable environment, which mimics the lung-environment interaction.ConclusionP. brasiliensis PLB activity is involved in the process of adhesion and internalization of yeast cells at the MH-S cell surface and may enhance virulence and subsequent down-regulation of macrophage activation.

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Current awareness on yeast

2010

Yeast

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In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, this current awareness service is provided by John Wiley & Sons and contains newly‐published material on yeasts. Each bibliography is divided into 10 sections. 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Biochemistry; 4 Biotechnology; 5 Cell Biology; 6 Gene Expression; 7 Genetics; 8 Physiology; 9 Medical Mycology; 10 Recombinant DNA Technology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. (4 weeks journals ‐ search completed 27th. Jan. 2010)

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Retracted: Role of Extracellular Phospholipase B ofCandida albicansas a Virulent Factor in Experimental Keratomycosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Studying the prevalence, species distribution, and detection of in vitro production of phospholipase from Candida isolated from cases of invasive candidiasis

Studying the prevalence, species distribution, and detection of in vitro production of phospholipase from Candida isolated from cases of invasive candidiasis

Extracellular Paracoccidioides brasiliensis phospholipase B involvement in alveolar macrophage interaction

Current awareness on yeast

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