RETRACTED: Sustainable integrated and pricing decisions for two-echelon supplier–retailer supply chain of growing items

Abstract

In today's market, supply chain players have to cooperate mutually for extra benefits, long lasting paybacks, and to control carbon emission for a clean environment. In this study, a two-echelon sustainable supply chain model with a supplier-retailer scenario is considered to investigate the overlooked area of growing items and reducing carbon emissions. These joint effects will benefit the firms for interim financing as well as minimize carbon emission for a clean environment. The main task for the supplier is to breed new-born animals with respect to a biologic growth pattern, then slaughters them and controls the carbon emission to maintain the sustainability. The supplier then delivers the slaughtered items to the retailer where it is used as final products to satisfy customers demand and also experienced deterioration during the inventory replenishment cycle. Carbon emission is considered due to transportation of slaughtered items to the retailer. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the model under decentralized and centralized chain structures and in the centralized case profit-sharing contract is incorporated as the cooperation tool. The model has been solved with an analytic solution approach to obtain the global optimum solution. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of different input parameters. The results support the claim that centralized chain structure can provide the partners with more benefits if an appropriate coordination mechanism is applied. Moreover, it is shown that the unit purchasing cost of each echelon has a significant effect on the profit in comparison to the other cost factors. Finally the results reveal that the supplier's inventory cycle is more dependent on the growth pattern rather than external cost factors.

A sustainable inventory model for growing items considering carbon emissions, product expiry, and profit-sharing policy

“…Shortages are not permitted, and order numbers must be integer values. A two-tiered sustainable supply chain model with a supplier-retailer scenario is studied in this study of Choudhury and Mahata (2021). The supplier's primary responsibility is to breed newborn animals in accordance with a biological growth plan.…”

A profit maximization single item inventory problem considering deterioration during carrying for price dependent demand and preservation technology investment

“…After that, Ali Akbar Shaikh et al [37] developed an inventory model for the deteriorating product with constant deterioration rate and price dependent demand also discussed the decision support system for customers under trade credit policy. Then, Choudhury and Mahata [7] developed an inventory model for growing deteriorating items with price-dependent demand.…”

Utilizing energy transition to drive sustainability in cold supply chains: a case study in the frozen food industry

“…The area of Sustainable FSC recently attracted the attention of many researchers. In reality, several criteria and metrics for performance evaluation shall be jointly considered, adding other dimensions of complexity from the modeling perspective and the solution approach [23,35]. For interested readers, thorough reviews highlighting the most recent advances in the sustainable FSC literature are provided by Zhu et al [66] and Kumar et al [34].…”