RETRACTED: What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?

Cao, Wu‐Chun; Fang, Li‐Qun; Xiao, Dan

doi:10.1016/j.glohj.2019.09.003

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The first known case of SARS, caused by the novel CoV, was represented by a 45-year-old man in November 2002 in the city of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China [29,30]. The mysterious respiratory disease, which in the future would be called SARS, had high fever (>38°C), followed by dry cough and rapid progression to respiratory failure as clinical manifestations (Fig.…”

Section: Sars-cov: the First Highly Pathogenic Human Cov Outbreak Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century

2020

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At the beginning of the 21st century, a new deadly infectious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recognized as a global public health threat. Subsequently, ten years after the initial SARS cases occurred in 2002, new cases of another atypical respiratory disease caused worldwide concern. This disease became known as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and was even more lethal than SARS. Currently, history has repeated itself with the emergence of a new Chinese epidemic at the end of 2019. For this respiratory disease, called COVID-19, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent. In sum, SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are caused by recently discovered coronaviruses that cause flu-like illnesses, but with a clinical outcome that tends to be more severe. As a result of the current importance of coronaviruses in global public health, we conducted a review to summarize and update, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of the three major diseases in humans caused by coronaviral infection.Handling Editor: Yue Wang. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0070 5-020-04628 -0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Sars-cov: the First Highly Pathogenic Human Cov Outbreak Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century

2020

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“…This data is consistent with the results from the SIR model (see Epidemiological Models). (Svoboda 2004) CA/NYG 04-20 04-27 30 05-27 6 06-03 36 (Svoboda 2004) Guangdong 2002 >50 01-19 22 02-11 81 05-02 103 (Cao 2019) Shanxi 03-15 34 04-19 30 05-19 64 (Cao 2019) Beijing 03-05 49 04-24 30 05-24 69 (Zhou 2003;Cao 2019) Mongolia 03-22 22 04-14 40 05-24 62 (Cao 2019) Hebei 04-04 20 04-24 24 05-19 44 (Cao 2019) Tianjin 04-14 8 04-22 12 05-04 20 (Cao 2019) HK/PWH 02-21 03-11 6 03-17 HK/AG 03-20 4 03-24 29 04-13 (Zhou 2003;Leung 2004) HK/ 04-12 54 06-06 Taiwan 02-24 23 03-17 38 04-25 50 06-14 88 (Small 2003;Yeh 2004) Singapore 03-15 20 04-05 24 04-29 44 (Small 2003;Goh 2006) Vietnam 02-23 11 03-04 28 04-06 39 (Shi 2003) Median 2003 The 2003 SARS and the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 are not only similar with respect to genetics (79% homology), (Lu 2020) immunology, (Ahmed 2020) involvement of endocytosis (also with influenza and syncytial viruses), (Behzadi 2019) seasonal variation (same season in the northern hemisphere also with influenza, syncytial, and metapneumo viruses) (Olofsson 2011) , evolution (origin in bats, 88% homology), (Benvenuto 2020;Malik 2020) but also with respect to the duration between emergence and peak of cases as well as between this peak and resolution of the epidemic (Table 1). Based on these similarities, one could predict the COVID-19 epidemic to end before 04-15 in Europe and about two weeks later in the U.S.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For (At Least) Two Different Strains mentioning

confidence: 99%

The first three months of the COVID-19 epidemic: Epidemiological evidence for two separate strains of SARS-CoV-2 viruses spreading and implications for prevention strategies

Wittkowski¹

2020

Preprint

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About one month after the COVID-19 epidemic peaked in Mainland China and SARS-CoV-2 migrated to Europe and then the U.S., the epidemiological data begin to provide important insights into the risks associated with the disease and the effectiveness of intervention strategies such as travel restrictions and lockdowns ("social distancing"). Respiratory diseases, including the 2003 SARS epidemic, remain only about two months in any given population, although peak incidence and lethality can vary. The epidemiological data suggest that at least two strains of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 virus have evolved during its migration from Mainland China to Europe. South Korea, Iran, Italy, and Italy's neighbors were hit by the more dangerous "SKII" variant. While the epidemic in continental Asia is about to end, and in Europe about to level off, the more recent epidemic in the younger US population is still increasing, albeit not exponentially anymore. The peak level will likely depend on which of the strains has entered the U.S. first. The same models that help us to understand the epidemic also help us to choose prevention strategies. Containment of high-risk people, like the elderly, and reducing disease severity, either by vaccination or by early treatment of complications, is the best strategy against a respiratory virus disease. Lockdowns can be effective during the month following the peak incidence in infections, when the exponential increase of cases ends. Earlier containment of low-risk people merely prolongs the time the virus needs to circulate until the incidence is high enough to initiate "herd immunity". Later containment is not helpful, unless to prevent a rebound if containment started too early.

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“…Vietnam is known as the first country to succeed in the local containment of SARS in 2003 (Cao et al, 2019). In addition, this is one of the countries which limited local transportation (Gilbert et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The more I fear about COVID-19, the more I wear medical masks”: A survey on risk perception and medical masks’ uses

Huynh

2020

Preprint

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The legal behaviors in using medical masks in public have been finally promulgated by the Vietnamese Government after 47 days since the WHO declared the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From a sample of 345 Vietnamese respondents aged from 15 to 47 years, this brief note found that the risk perception of COVID-19 danger significantly increases the likelihood of wearing the medical masks. In addition, there is a weak evidence about the differences in age under the COVID-19 outbreaks. More noticeably, those who use masks before COVID-19 pandemic tend to maintain their behaviors. Our results offer the insightful into Vietnamese citizens' responses in terms of using medical masks; even the uses of this method are still controversial. Our results are robust by performing Exploratory Factor Analysis for five features and further regressions.

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RETRACTED: What we have learnt from the SARS epdemics in mainland China?

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century

The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century

The first three months of the COVID-19 epidemic: Epidemiological evidence for two separate strains of SARS-CoV-2 viruses spreading and implications for prevention strategies

“The more I fear about COVID-19, the more I wear medical masks”: A survey on risk perception and medical masks’ uses

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