Retraction Note: A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to increasing CO2

Keenan, Trevor F.; Luo, Xiangzhong; Kauwe, Martin G. De; Medlyn, Belinda E.; Prentice, Iain Colin; Stocker, B. D.; Smith, Nicholas G.; Terrer, César; Wang, Han; Zhang, Yao; Zhou, S.

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04869-w

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…All model configurations compared reasonably well to the FluxCom and MOD17 GPP products and FluxCom and GLEAM ET products, given that there are also uncertainties inherent in estimates from these products. For example, the satellite-based products of GPP have recently been shown to incorrectly capture the response of photosynthesis to CO 2 , which means they potentially underestimate the response of GPP to rising atmospheric CO 2 (Keenan et al, 2021). Nevertheless, some notable biases in the model were identified that were common to all JULES model configurations, for example, the over-prediction of GPP and ET in the temperate and boreal region in SON and the overprediction of both fluxes in MAM in the southern tropics (0 to −20 • S).…”

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Carbon and water cycle dynamics of vegetation are controlled primarily by photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (gs). Our goal is to improve the representation of these key physiological processes within the JULES land surface model, with a particular focus on refining the temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis, impacting modelled carbon, energy and water fluxes. We test (1) an implementation of the Farquhar et al. (1980) photosynthesis scheme and associated plant functional type-dependent photosynthetic temperature response functions, (2) the optimality-based gs scheme from Medlyn et al. (2011) and (3) the Kattge and Knorr (2007) photosynthetic capacity thermal acclimation scheme. New parameters for each model configuration are adopted from recent large observational datasets that synthesise global experimental data. These developments to JULES incorporate current physiological understanding of vegetation behaviour into the model and enable users to derive direct links between model parameters and ongoing measurement campaigns that refine such parameter values. Replacement of the original Collatz et al. (1991) C3 photosynthesis model with the Farquhar scheme results in large changes in GPP for the current day, with ∼ 10 % reduction in seasonal (June–August, JJA, and December–February, DJF) mean GPP in tropical forests and ∼ 20 % increase in the northern high-latitude forests in JJA. The optimality-based gs model decreases the latent heat flux for the present day (∼ 10 %, with an associated increase in sensible heat flux) across regions dominated by needleleaf evergreen forest in the Northern Hemisphere summer. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis coupled with the Medlyn gs scheme reduced tropical forest GPP by up to 5 % and increased GPP in the high-northern-latitude forests by between 2 % and 5 %. Evaluation of simulated carbon and water fluxes by each model configuration against global data products shows this latter configuration generates improvements in these key areas. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis coupled with the Medlyn gs scheme improved modelled carbon fluxes in tropical and high-northern-latitude forests in JJA and improved the simulation of evapotranspiration across much of the Northern Hemisphere in JJA. Having established good model performance for the contemporary period, we force this new version of JULES offline with a future climate scenario corresponding to rising atmospheric greenhouse gases (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP5), Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5)). In particular, these calculations allow for understanding of the effects of long-term warming. We find that the impact of thermal acclimation coupled with the optimality-based gs model on simulated fluxes increases latent heat flux (+50 %) by the year 2050 compared to the JULES model configuration without acclimation. This new JULES configuration also projects increased GPP across tropical (+10 %) and northern-latitude regions (+30 %) by 2050. We conclude that thermal acclimation of photosynthesis with the Farquhar photosynthesis scheme and the new optimality-based gs scheme together improve the simulation of carbon and water fluxes for the current day and have a large impact on modelled future carbon cycle dynamics in a warming world.

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Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

et al. 2022

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“…Second, accounting for the LRU response to CO 2 in historical scenarios, such as the preindustrial era (Aydin et al ., 2020) or glacial periods (Aydin et al ., 2016), is essential for using long‐term records of atmospheric COS concentrations to infer terrestrial photosynthesis of the past (Campbell et al ., 2017). Third, given that COS is an atmospheric tracer circulating the globe, the LRU response to CO 2 presents an opportunity of using COS measurements as a top‐down constraint on present‐day CO 2 fertilization effects over large spatial scales (Walker et al ., 2021), complementing current understandings derived from site‐level measurements (Norby & Zak, 2011; Keenan et al ., 2013), satellite‐observed vegetation indices (Smith et al ., 2016; De Kauwe et al ., 2016) and terrestrial biosphere models (Haverd et al ., 2020; Keenan et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fundamental uncertainty in predicting future climate concerns how terrestrial photosynthesis responds and feeds back to the climate (Heimann & Reichstein, 2008; Bonan & Doney, 2018; Arora et al ., 2020). Already, with climate change, terrestrial photosynthesis has experienced a boost in response to rising CO 2 (Schimel et al ., 2015; Campbell et al ., 2017; Keenan et al ., 2021), advancement of phenology due to warming (Keenan et al ., 2014) and altered regional variability caused by shifts in rainfall patterns (Zhang et al ., 2016; Haverd et al ., 2017). Although major physiological processes underlying observed changes in photosynthesis are relatively well‐known (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf relative uptake of carbonyl sulfide to CO₂ seen through the lens of stomatal conductance–photosynthesis coupling

2022

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Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has emerged as a multi-scale tracer for terrestrial photosynthesis. To infer ecosystem-scale photosynthesis from COS fluxes often requires knowledge of leaf relative uptake (LRU), the concentration-normalized ratio between leaf COS uptake and photosynthesis. However, current mechanistic understanding of LRU variability remains inadequate for deriving robust COS-based estimates of photosynthesis.We derive a set of closed-form equations to describe LRU responses to light, humidity and CO 2 based on the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model and the biochemical model of photosynthesis. This framework reproduces observed LRU responses: decreasing LRU with increasing light or decreasing humidity; it also predicts that LRU increases with ambient CO 2 .By fitting the LRU equations to flux measurements on a C 3 reed (Typha latifolia), we obtain physiological parameters that control LRU variability, including an estimate of the Ball-Berry slope of 7.1 without using transpiration measurements. Sensitivity tests reveal that LRU is more sensitive to photosynthetic capacity than to the Ball-Berry slope, indicating stomatal response to photosynthesis.This study presents a simple framework for interpreting observed LRU variability and upscaling LRU. The stoma-regulated LRU response to CO 2 suggests that COS may offer a unique window into long-term stomatal acclimation to elevated CO 2 .

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“…The enhanced concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere stimulates faster photosynthesis. A recent analysis suggests that from 1981 to 2020, this form of “CO 2 fertilization” increased global photosynthesis by 12% (Keenan et al., 2021). But the rise in CO 2 has led to increased nutrient limitation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Carbon Needs 4R Nutrients

Bruulsema¹

2022

Crops & Soils

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The use of 4R practices to manage nutrients is critical to support crop photosynthesis and make soil carbon storage an effective proposition for greenhouse gas mitigation. What is required is a delicate balancing act. Increasing primary productivity, reducing wastes, selecting climate‐smart sources, and using inhibitors of N2O emissions are all critical. The strong role of N in the multiple mechanisms of soil C storage underscores the need for integrated consideration of 4R nutrient management in programs that address both the emissions and sinks associated with cropping systems while keeping them productive. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning-Center/Courses.

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Retraction Note: A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to increasing CO2

Cited by 20 publications

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Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

Leaf relative uptake of carbonyl sulfide to CO₂ seen through the lens of stomatal conductance–photosynthesis coupling

Soil Carbon Needs 4R Nutrients

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Retraction Note: A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to increasing CO2

Cited by 20 publications

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Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

Improved representation of plant physiology in the JULES-vn5.6 land surface model: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and thermal acclimation

Leaf relative uptake of carbonyl sulfide to CO2 seen through the lens of stomatal conductance–photosynthesis coupling

Soil Carbon Needs 4R Nutrients

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Leaf relative uptake of carbonyl sulfide to CO₂ seen through the lens of stomatal conductance–photosynthesis coupling