Retraction: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder

Saad, Khaled M.; Abdel‐Rahman, Adel B.; Elserogy, Yasser M.; Al-Atram, Abdulrahman A; Elhoufey, Amira; Othman, H.A.; Bjørklund, Geir; Jia, Fei‐Yong; Urbina, Mauricio A.; Abo‐Elela, Mohamed Gamil M.; Ahmad, Farah; El‐Baseer, A. Abd; Ahmed, Asmaa A.; Abdelsalam, Ahmed

doi:10.1111/jcpp.13076

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In an year-long study, Infante et al [66] suggested that a combination of omega-3 and vitamin D supplementation could effectively improve the core symptoms in children with autism. Saad et al [49] found a significant symptom improvement after appropriate vitamin D supplementation in children with autism. However, Kerley et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the included children with autism had serum vitamin D levels ＜ 30 ng/ml, which was inconsistent with the inclusion criteria of the present study; therefore, it was excluded. After full text screening, four RCT articles met the inclusion criteria; however, among them, the article of Saad et al [49] was retracted because the validity of the research results was not demonstrated [50,51]. Ultimately, three RCTs were included in the analysis.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Supplementation is Beneficial for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Song

Luo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to explore whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed database, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Sino-Med, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure mainly up to September 2019. Using a fixed effects model, we calculated the standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, we analyzed baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and outcome scores including the Social Responsiveness Scale and Child Autism Rating Scale scores after vitamin D supplementation. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among 203 children included from three studies in the meta-analysis. After vitamin D supplementation, the outcome scores in the experimental group were dramatically elevated compared with those in the control group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation improves the typical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, as indicated by reduced Social Responsiveness Scale and Child Autism Rating Scale scores; thus, it is beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Supplementation is Beneficial for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Song

Luo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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“…The autism severity and social maturity of the children were assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). The ASD children generally tolerated well the supplementation with vitamin D. The autism symptoms of the children improved signifi cantly, following 4 months of vitamin D3 therapy [4]. Vitamin D has an important role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Vitamin D has an important role in brain homeostasis, neurodevelopment, ageing, and signifi cantly, in gene regulation. Also, it has been shown to bind to more than 2700 genes and to regulate the expression of more than 200 of them [2,[4][5][6]. Many studies suggested that vitamin D has an important role as a neuroactive steroid, which can affect neuronal differentiation, axonal connectivity and brain structure and function.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism and Vitamin D

Saad¹,

Al-Atram²

2017

Open J Pediatr Child Health

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“…Moreover, two of those that have reported positive results (83,84) have been largely debated for the methods used to collect data and to evaluate results (85,86). Furthermore, the most recent research has been retracted because a re-analysis of the data collected with the study discovered previously unidentified problems with missing data and recording irregularities that led the Editors to have no longer confidence in the findings reported (87). Consequently, these studies do not offer any reliable information and highlight how much readers must be vigilant when they try to draw firm conclusions from published studies.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Development

Principi

Esposito

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, impaired communications, and stereotypic and repetitive behavior with different degrees of severity. The etiology of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, although the interaction of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a fundamental role in the process. The main aim of this narrative review is to discuss the current knowledge about the interrelationships between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder development. Literature analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy plays a role in conditioning the development and function of the nervous system. Studies carried out in vitro and in experimental animals have shown that vitamin D deficiency can be associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the nervous system that can be observed in autism spectrum disorder patients. Moreover, it has been reported that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy could be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder development in the offspring, that children with autism spectrum disorder have significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D than normal children and that supplementation of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorder children is associated with a reduction in psychiatric manifestations. However, the data currently available do not adequately support the hypothesis that vitamin D may be a factor which contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. The effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should be better studied to establish whether and when fetal vulnerability is highest and if vitamin D supplementation is able to reduce the risk of structural and functional alterations of the nervous system and autism spectrum disorder development. The role of vitamin D after birth must be better defined to evaluate if vitamin D administration is potentially effective in reducing autism spectrum disorder manifestations.

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Retraction: Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Vitamin D Supplementation is Beneficial for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Vitamin D Supplementation is Beneficial for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Autism and Vitamin D

Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Development

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