Retrieving spin textures on curved magnetic thin films with full-field soft X-ray microscopies

Abstract

X-ray tomography is a well-established technique to characterize 3D structures in material sciences and biology; its magnetic analogue—magnetic X-ray tomography—is yet to be developed. Here we demonstrate the visualization and reconstruction of magnetic domain structures in a 3D curved magnetic thin films with tubular shape by means of full-field soft X-ray microscopies. The 3D arrangement of the magnetization is retrieved from a set of 2D projections by analysing the evolution of the magnetic contrast with varying projection angle. Using reconstruction algorithms to analyse the angular evolution of 2D projections provides quantitative information about domain patterns and magnetic coupling phenomena between windings of azimuthally and radially magnetized tubular objects. The present approach represents a first milestone towards visualizing magnetization textures of 3D curved thin films with virtually arbitrary shape.

Imaging magnetic vortex configurations in ferromagnetic nanotubes

“…Magnetotransport [20] and dynamic cantilever magnetometry (DCM) [21] of Ni NTs suggest the presence of vortex configurations; however, the considerable roughness of these NTs likely makes them different enough from idealized ferromagnetic NTs to affect their equilibrium configurations. Magnetization configurations in rolled-up ferromagnetic membranes between 2 and 16 μm in diameter have been imaged using magnetooptical Kerr effect [22], x-ray transmission microscopy [22], x-ray magnetic dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) [23], and magnetic soft x-ray tomography [24]. In these studies, the authors report azimuthal domain patterns that are commensurable throughout the windings and attribute the effect to magnetostatic [23,24] or exchange [22] coupling between windings.…”

Resonant properties of dipole skyrmions in amorphous Fe/Gd multilayers

“…Néel caps. Given the transmission geometry nature of the experimental imaging techniques used and the symmetry of the Néel caps they images are primarily sensitive to the Bloch-like, full experimental verification of the domain wall structure will require a 3-dimensional imaging of domain walls [38], whereas sole confirmation of the Néel caps could be performed utilizing surface sensitive microscopy techniques [39][40][41]. As a perpendicular field is applied, the stripe domains begin to collapse into an equal population of skyrmions with two After H z = 2400 Oe, the skyrmions become disordered and begin to collapse as the field is increased to magnetic saturation.…”

Magnetization ground state and reversal modes of magnetic nanotori

“…Nevertheless, toroidal nanomagnets have been scarcely explored in the literature. In part, this could be associated with the fact that despite the fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles with different geometries is already possible [2][3][4][5][6] , to produce magnetic nanoparticles with toroidal shape is still a hard task. However, there have been efforts to prepare nanotori in non-magnetic materials.…”

“…During the last decades, nanomagnetism has received strong attention due to advances in the controlled production of magnetic nanoparticles with several shapes and sizes [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The increasing interest in this area lies on the possibility of using magnetic nanostructures in diverse applications such as data storage and random access memory devices 7 as well as cancer therapy 8 , among others.…”