2013
DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e3182621a05
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Retrodental Mass in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract: This article recognized 3 distinctive types of the retrodental mass in RA; type 1 (pannus), type 2 (pseudotumor), type 3 (mixed). It further concludes in all types of the retrodental mass associated with atlantoaxial subluxation secondary to RA, posterior fusion without decompression can achieve improvement of the myelopathy. In type 2 associated with vertical subluxation, on balance between calculable benefits and high risks of anterior transoral decompression, the authors prefer to opt for occipitocervical f… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…22,24 On the other hand, retro-odontoid pseudotumors in patients with RA are typically visualized as being hypo-to iso-intense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. 7, [10][11][12]27 Yonezawa et al, 25 however, reported 3 types of retro-odontoid masses on MRI in patients with RA: pannus type (T1 low, T2 high), pseudotumor type (T1 low, T2 low), and mixed type (T1 low, T2 low and high). High signal intensity on T2-weighted images indicates that the pseudotumor consists of an increased amount of water, as in inflammatory tissue, and low signal intensity T2-weighted images indicates that the pseudotumor contains fibrous material.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…22,24 On the other hand, retro-odontoid pseudotumors in patients with RA are typically visualized as being hypo-to iso-intense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI. 7, [10][11][12]27 Yonezawa et al, 25 however, reported 3 types of retro-odontoid masses on MRI in patients with RA: pannus type (T1 low, T2 high), pseudotumor type (T1 low, T2 low), and mixed type (T1 low, T2 low and high). High signal intensity on T2-weighted images indicates that the pseudotumor consists of an increased amount of water, as in inflammatory tissue, and low signal intensity T2-weighted images indicates that the pseudotumor contains fibrous material.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, neurological deterioration has also been reported to occur in the setting of rheumatic disease due to inflammatory involvement of the atlantoaxial articulation and retrodental pannus formation [4,12,17,19,20]. Although the cervical spine is a common site of rheumatoid disease manifestation, there is paucity of literature on isolated C1-C2 involvement, especially in the elderly population without evidence of previous rheumatic disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most common type of incomplete spinal cord injury is central cord syndrome, which is characterized by a more severely impaired motor function in the upper than the lower extremities [1,8,10,13,16]. Progressive neurological deficit has also been reported to occur due to C1-C2 pannus formation in the setting of rheumatic disease [4,12,17,19,20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The critical mediators in RA are considered to be pro-inflammatory cytokines such as RANKL, TWEAK and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) [ 17 19 ]. Progressive erosion of bone in the affected sites manifests as a pseudotumoral condition of the synovium called pannus where all these complex cascades of events occur [ 20 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%