Retrofit modelling of existing dwellings in the UK: the Salford Energy House case study

Abstract

Purpose There is a clear consensus that improving energy efficiency of existing housing stock is necessary to meet the UK’s legally binding carbon emission targets by 2050. The purpose of this paper is to assess the energy saving potentials from building retrofit using an end-terrace house, similar houses represent about 30 per cent of the existing building stock in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The Salford Energy House – a unique pre-1919 Victorian end-terrace house built within an environmental chamber – was used. Retrofit modelling analysis was carried out using IESVE – a dynamic thermal simulation tool. The retrofitted model was also evaluated using future projected climate data (CIBSE latest release) to examine energy demands and overheating. Findings Findings show that improving building fabric thermal characteristics can reduce space heating demands substantially. Heating modes, set point preferences and infiltration level all have strong impact on heating demands. Space heating demand savings can be as much as 77 per cent when the property facades were upgraded to the similar requirements of Passivhaus standards. The research implicates that, for dwelling retrofit practices, a whole house holistic approach should be the preferred option to improve energy efficiency. With future climate scenarios where temperatures are potentially elevated, the heating demands can be potentially reduced as much as 27 per cent. Practical implications The likelihood of overheating in dwellings after a deep retrofit due to future elevated temperatures becomes apparent. Therefore, mitigation of overheating risk becomes a necessity for future domestic housing stock retrofit planning and policy making. Originality/value The research presented in this paper highlights the effectiveness of various retrofit measures individually as well as holistically, also the implications on energy demands and the likelihood of overheating in dwellings under future climate scenarios.

Dynamic thermal simulation of advanced natural ventilation in buildings: current and future usage, UK exemplar

“…Discrepancies do often exist, however, for comparative studies (i.e., this research), IESVE has been consistent (Ji et al 2019b). The typical use of this tool without validation is the compliance calculation for school buildings by following the Building Bulletin 101 guidance document, where the modelling outputs are used without validation (Ji et al 2018).…”

The role of hygrothermal modelling for different housing typologies by estimating indoor relative humidity, energy usage and anticipation of fuel poverty

“…This work shows that the construction details will improve the model accuracy. The model is then further extended by Ji, et al [46] to show the effects of a retrofit to a building. From this study, heating demands can be reduced by 27% in a retrofitted house, but the space heating demands can vary significantly depending on how the building is heated (as per the occupants' preference).…”

Energy Evaluation of a PV-Based Test Facility for Assessing Future Self-Sufficient Buildings

“…Ref. [24] focused on improving building fabric thermal performance, while in [25] the risk of summer overheating due to a deep retrofit was analyzed.…”