Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Souza, Francis Ribeiro de; Sales, Allan Robson Kluser; Santos, Marcelo Rodrigues dos; Porello, Rafael Armani; Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da; Sayegh, Ana Luiza Carrari; Filho, Antônio Carlos Battaglia; Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues; Takayama, Liliam; Oliveira, Tiago Franco de; Yonamine, Maurı́cio; Negräo, Carlos Eduardo; Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes

doi:10.1111/sms.13332

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…) and anabolic steroid use (de Souza et al . ). To examine the causality of OSS it can be experimentally induced in otherwise healthy upstream arteries by inflating a pneumatic cuff on the forearm to a moderate pressure (∼50–75 mmHg; Thijssen et al .…”

Section: Hypoxia and Endothelial Function In Lowlandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hypoxaemia on vascular function in lowlanders and high altitude indigenous populations

Tymko

Tremblay

Bailey

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to hypoxia elicits widespread physiological responses that are critical for successful acclimatization; however, these responses may induce apparent maladaptive consequences. For example, recent studies conducted in both the laboratory and the field (e.g. at high altitude) have demonstrated that endothelial function is reduced in hypoxia. Herein, we review the several proposed mechanism(s) pertaining to the observed reduction in endothelial function in hypoxia including: (i) changes in blood flow patterns (i.e. shear stress), (ii) increased inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (i.e. oxidative stress), (iii) heightened sympathetic nerve activity, and (iv) increased red blood cell concentration and mass leading to elevated nitric oxide scavenging. Although some of these mechanism(s) have been examined in lowlanders, less in known about endothelial function in indigenous populations that have chronically adapted to environmental hypoxia for millennia (e.g. the Peruvian, Tibetan and Ethiopian highlanders). There is some evidence indicating that healthy Tibetan and Peruvian (i.e. Andean) highlanders have preserved endothelial function at high altitude, but less is known about the Ethiopian highlanders. However, Andean highlanders suffering from chronic mountain sickness, which is characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells, have markedly reduced endothelial function. This review will provide a framework and mechanistic model for vascular endothelial adaptation to hypoxia in lowlanders and highlanders. Elucidating the pathways responsible for vascular adaption/maladaptation to hypoxia has potential clinical implications for disease featuring low oxygen delivery (e.g. heart failure, pulmonary disease). In addition, a greater understanding of vascular function at high altitude will clinically benefit the global estimated 85 million high altitude residents.

show abstract

Section: Hypoxia and Endothelial Function In Lowlandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hypoxaemia on vascular function in lowlanders and high altitude indigenous populations

Tymko

Tremblay

Bailey

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important that we evaluated a single, isolated AAS. Other studies have not reported standardization in blood sample collection times [70,120], in contrast to a previous study that reported collection between 10 and 12 a.m. [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…AAS have been shown to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [36][37][38], reduce luteinizing hormone (LH) [39,40] and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [37,41,42], decrease blood testosterone [43,44], and increase alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) [45], as well as other liver enzymes [38]. In those using AAS, basal blood shows increased hemoglobin [18,46], high hematocrit counts [47], and high in ammatory markers [48], including high white blood cell count [28], high neutrophil count [49], and high Creactive protein (CRP) [50,51]. These side-effects may result in costly treatment, and therefore a negative impact for public health [52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxandrolone Use Causes Dyslipidemia in Resistance-Training Practitioners

Greboggy¹,

Pereira²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Several of young people and adults make use of anabolic-androgenic steroid (ASS), during resistance training. The purposes of this study were to compare blood and salivary parameters in male resistance training practitioners using oxandrolone with reference values, compare these with a control group in triplicate, and correlate salivary and blood parameters. Methods: In this prospective analytical observational study, blood, saliva, and urine were collected from 22 individuals (oxandrolone group, OG, n = 11 and control group, CG, n = 11), and these samples were analyzed at three time points: before oxandrolone consumption, at cessation of oxandrolone use, and three months after cessation of oxandrolone use. Complete blood count, lipid profile, metabolites, and enzymes were analyzed from blood samples. Salivary flow, pH, triglycerides, urea, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed from saliva. Urinalysis was used for toxicological screening. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square analysis, Friedman's ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation tests were performed, with significance p<0.05. Results: We found a lower blood HDL level for the oxandrolone group (24 mg/dL) compared with the reference value (>40 mg/dL), as soon as its use ceased, and a return to normal HDL levels three months later (49 mg/dL, >40 mg/dL). We also found higher triglyceride level (177 mg/dL) in this group compared with the reference value (<175 mg/dL), three months after use. Conclusions: Although there were distinct differences between the groups and timepoints, these did not show clinical relevance, as they were within typical values. There was no correlation between blood and salivary parameters, but it is clear that oxandrolone causes changes in the lipid profile of users.

show abstract

“…However, misuse is commonly observed by athletes to promote strength increase, bodyweight and performance gain (1,3). Adverse events were associated with a variety of different cardiovascular diseases (4)(5)(6), liver disorders including peliosis hepatis, hepatocellular hyperplasia and carcinomas (7) and a spectrum of behavioral effects correlated with hyperandrogenism (8). Legitimate pharmaceutical grade AAS are illegally acquired in pharmacies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of seized stanozolol formulations in South Brazil by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone which are used medically for several diseases. However, misuse is commonly observed by athletes to promote enhancement of strength and performance. AAS are frequently obtained through online black markets from clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories, without any quality standards, being potentially dangerous for users. The purpose of this work was the development and application of a fast and simple procedure for the quantitation of stanozolol by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) in tablets packs seized in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The samples of stanozolol were separated considering its dosage form. The internal standard (methyltestosterone) was added to the aliquots of the samples, dissolved in methanol and 5μL were injected into the analytical system. The newly developed method has been validated for lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity. The LLOQ was 0.1 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to 31 samples seized by the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (a Brazilian federal revenue service agency). According to the results, 90.3% of the suspected medicines (n=31) were adulterated, and 65% exhibited higher concentrations of stanozolol than those indicated in the label. This work successfully established a new method for quantification of stanozolol using LC-QTOF-MS. This method aims at contributing to the identification and quantification of this anabolic androgenic steroid frequently seized by federal inspection agencies.

show abstract

Retrograde and oscillatory shear rate in young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

The impact of hypoxaemia on vascular function in lowlanders and high altitude indigenous populations

The impact of hypoxaemia on vascular function in lowlanders and high altitude indigenous populations

Oxandrolone Use Causes Dyslipidemia in Resistance-Training Practitioners

Analysis of seized stanozolol formulations in South Brazil by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About