Retrograde Degeneration in the Optic Nerves and Tracts

Leinfelder, P.J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(40)92382-0

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(CAJAL, 1955). That cells with the appearance of neurones remain after optic-nerve section has been reported for the cat (LEINFELDER, 1938) and rat (EAYRS, 1952) but denied for rabbit (JAMES, 1933) and kitten (STONE, 1965). Again, modern criteria must be applied for the reconsideration of these results.…”

Section: Quantitative Mammalian Retinal Ganglion-cell Topographymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

Hughes¹

1977

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

613

785

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Section: Quantitative Mammalian Retinal Ganglion-cell Topographymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

Hughes¹

1977

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

613

785

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“…Following a peripheral nerve injury, neuronal cell bodies exhibit significant morphological changes that were first described over 100 years ago by Franz Nissl, including a shift in the localization of the nucleus within the cell body (Leinfelder, 1938). Neurons undergo chromatolysis, characterized by the disassociation of polyribosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum (Lieberman, 1971).…”

Section: The Cell Body Response To Axotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

et al. 2015

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Peripheral nerves regenerate following injury due to the effective activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of the neurons and the formation of a permissive pathway for outgrowth due to Wallerian degeneration. Wallerian degeneration and subsequent regeneration are significantly influenced by various immune cells and the cytokines they secrete. Although macrophages have long been known to play a vital role in the degenerative process, recent work has pointed to their importance in influencing the regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons. In this review, we focus on the various immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines that make regeneration possible in the peripheral nervous system, with specific attention placed on the role macrophages play in this process.

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“…Eayrs [1952] reports that many ganglion cells remained in the retina after complete destruction of the optic nerve in the rat. Some ganglion cells were found to remain after section of the optic nerve in the cat [Leinfelder, 1938]. James [1933] describes almost total loss of the ganglion cells in the rabbit retina after optic nerve section.…”

Section: Xenopus Opticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve Fibre Counts and Retinal Ganglion Cell Counts During Development of Xenopus Laevis (Daudin)

Wilson¹

1971

Exp Physiol

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An account is given of the development of the optic nerve in Xenopus laevi8 (Daudin). The stages studied were 35, 38, 46, 52, 58, immediately post-metamorphosis (66), the juvenile of six months from metamorphosis and the adult. Fibre counts were made from complete electron micrograph montages for all the stages investigated including the adult. Corresponding ganglion cell counts were made from sections prepared by light microscopic histology from stage 46 upwards.The large increase found in the ganglion cell population during development was also found in the optic nerve fibre counts. There was an approximate 1: 1 relationship between the optic nerve fibres and the retinal ganglion cells.The number of fibres increased from less than 1,000 (stage 35) to 59,000 (six-month-old juvenile). The older adult animal possessed fewer unmyelinated fibres than the six month old juvenile, but twice as many myelinated fibres, so producing a smaller total number. It seems that the process of myelination continues well into adult life.An understanding of how the developing visual system begins to function requires, amongst other things, an adequate quantitative knowledge of cell production and axon outgrowth. Estimations of the number of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres were made on the adult frog by Maturana [1959] and on adult Xenopus laevis by Gaze and Peters [1961] using the electron microscope. The latter authors also did whole nerve fibre counts for stages 49, 51, 53, 54 and 57 in Xenopus.Recent findings related to the mode cf development and connection of the optic nerve in Xenopus [Gaze, Szekely, 1963, 1965; Gaze, Keating and Straznicky, 1970;and Straznicky and Gaze, 1970] have made it necessary to obtain further evidence on the optic nerve fibre counts and retinal ganglion cell counts at various stages of development. These include those stages occurring shortly after initial connection of the optic nerve.An electron microscopic analysis of the fibre composition of XenopUs optic nerve has therefore been performed at stages ranging from 35 when the retinal layer begins to differentiate to full adult. In all cases total counts were obtained from complete montages of the nerve because of the apparent uneven distribution of the unmyelinated and myelinated fibres in both light and electron microscope preparations. In addition, retinal ganglion cell counts were determined from comparable developmental stages by means of a sampling technique in order to see if a relationship existed between the optic nerve fibres and the retinal ganglion cells.

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Retrograde Degeneration in the Optic Nerves and Tracts

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

Optic Nerve Fibre Counts and Retinal Ganglion Cell Counts During Development of Xenopus Laevis (Daudin)

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