Retromolar foramen and canal: A comprehensive review on its anatomy and clinical applications

Potu, Bhagath Kumar; Jagadeesan, Saravanan; Bhat, Krishnamurthy; Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa Rao

doi:10.1016/j.morpho.2013.04.004

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This finding was also confirmed by ex vivo studies . Due to the relatively small diameter, a potential lesion of the retromolar canal when performing teeth extraction, implant surgery, or other surgical interventions in the posterior mandible was not related to a clinically‐relevant loss of sensibility . Other results of our investigation described the distance between the retromolar canal and the bony walls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Incidence and characteristics of mandibular accessory canals: A radiographic investigation

Borgonovo

Taschieri

Vavassori

et al. 2017

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Incidence and characteristics of mandibular accessory canals: A radiographic investigation

Borgonovo

Taschieri

Vavassori

et al. 2017

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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“…Some studies considered the RC as a type of bifid MC, branching from the mandibular neurovascular bundle and coursing towards the retromolar fossa [39]. is definition is not always true since it does not include the type II canals found in this study and some previous studies [13,15,17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Incidence and Anatomical Properties of Retromolar Canal in an Iranian Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Nikkerdar

Golshah

Norouzi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objectives. Retromolar canal (RC) is an anatomic structure, and due to increasing demand for surgical procedure in the retromolar area of the mandible, the identification of the retromolar canal has become an issue of clinical concern. It can innervate the third molar and some of the muscles around the posterior segment of the mandible, complicating surgical procedures in the retromolar area and root canal treatment of third molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and anatomical properties of RC in a western Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods. Two hundred bilateral CBCT images were collected and screened in the three spatial planes for the presence of an RC. Anatomical properties and location of the RCs were assessed according to their course and distance from the surrounding structures. The relationship between the presence of RC and age, sex, side, and presence of second and third molars was also evaluated. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, paired t-test, and chi-square were used to compare groups. Results. At least one RC was observed in 22% of the mandibles. Its bilateral incidence was 5.5%. Two major types of canals were detected, namely, type I, following a straight or curved course from the mandibular canal (MC) to the retromolar area (47.3%), and type II, coursing from the retromolar area to the radicular part of the third molar (52.7%). Regarding linear measurements, the mean RC diameter and the mean distance to the MC, second, and third molars were 0.68 ± 0.31, 13.7 ± 2.8, 15.3 ± 3.0, and 7.3 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, RC was found in 22% of the cases; thus, it should be considered as a normal anatomical variation in the Iranian population rather than a rare finding.

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“…Kumar Potu et al (2013) described the MC pathway in a cross-section view of mandible, reporting that MC crosses lingually to the third and second molars roots, adjacent to first molar roots and buccally from the premolars. At the retromolar space, the distance from the MC to the buccal cortical presented values close to twice of those observed to the lingual cortical, while the distance to the mandibular base was approximately fourfold to the lingual cortical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic Relationships of Mandibular Canal. A Cone Beam CT Study

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY:It is critical to know the precise location and configuration of the mandibular canal (MC) to avoid damages in the alveolar inferior nerve during an invasive dental treatment. The aim of this study was to provide anatomic relationships of the mandibular canal in its entire pathway related to cortical walls and dental roots to serve as basic knowledge for dental clinical procedures performed in this area. We analyzed 50 CBCT images assessing the specific location of MC at the retromolar space as related to inferior teeth roots. Data were analyzed by side using descriptive statistics (median: mean [M], standard deviation [SD], 95 % confidence interval: lower endpoint [IC] and upper endpoint [IC']). The MC length and pathway were measured from the mandibular foramen up to the mental foramen. MC was closer from lingual cortical than buccal at the retromolar space as well the distal root of the second molar and the root of the second premolar are closest to MC. A mean length for the MC of 70.8 (±5.3 mm) for the right side and 71 (±5.8 mm) for the left side were observed. In conclusion, it is critical for clinicians to know three-dimensionally the topographic relationships between the inferior teeth roots and the mandibular canal before proceeding to any invasive dental or surgical procedure at this region.

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Retromolar foramen and canal: A comprehensive review on its anatomy and clinical applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Incidence and characteristics of mandibular accessory canals: A radiographic investigation

Incidence and characteristics of mandibular accessory canals: A radiographic investigation

Incidence and Anatomical Properties of Retromolar Canal in an Iranian Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Anatomic Relationships of Mandibular Canal. A Cone Beam CT Study

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