Retrospect and Prospect: Nanoarchitectonics of Platinum‐Group‐Metal‐Based Materials

Abstract

Nanoarchitectonics, a concept encompassing nanoscale microstructures and atomic arrangements in materials, enables the precise modification of materials for desired applications by controlling their physical and chemical properties, as well as surface charge or energy. Particularly in metal materials, where surface reactions play a critical role, nanoarchitecture becomes the most influential factor affecting activity, selectivity, and stability. Focusing on platinum‐group metals (PGMs) due to their inherently high efficiency in energy and environmental applications, this article provides a comprehensive review of synthetic methods for the morphological control of metal nanomaterials. The morphological control is classified into atomic arrangements in 0D, 1D, and 2D nanocrystals, as well as nanoporous structures, and the mechanisms of major reactions are covered in detail. Each chapter is supplemented with a table featuring several examples, facilitating the reader's understanding of the structural controls of PGMs. Finally, the article outlines future challenges in achieving novel metal nanoarchitecture. The hope is that this review provides valuable insights into the synthesis of PGM‐based nanomaterials and serves as a guide for designing and synthesizing innovative metal nanostructures for diverse applications.

Ionic Liquid-Guided One-Step Green Synthesis of Au–Pd Superbranched Trigonal Nanoframes and Their Highly Selective Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrostyrene

“…50,53 Moreover, the large specific surface area provides adequate active sites, and 2D open frameworks not only make reactive ions/molecules thoroughly accessible to them but also promote the transport and diffusion of ions/molecules in and out of them. 65 Yet, the self-supported structures and large sizes improve their stability and facilitate recycling. These factors together endow Au−Pd STNFs-1 with ultrahigh catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability in 4nitrostyrene hydrogenation.…”

Enhanced Metal–Support Interfacial Interaction of Pd@FeNi-CoO Composites for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

“…In essence, the electrocatalytic conversion of NO 3 – to NH 3 is a hydrogenation reaction. Activated *H is often considered to be the key to increased capacity and reduced energy consumption. − Palladium (Pd)-based catalysts with high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity typically exhibit low overpotential and significant NO 3 RR activity. − Transition metals (such as Fe, Co, and Ni) are inexpensive and their d-orbitals are in an unfilled state, making them susceptible to electron transfer. Their introduction can not only reduce the amount of Pd to achieve cost savings but also regulate the electron structure between different elements to promote the catalytic performance of NO 3 RR. − Besides, constructing a metal–support interface can form an enhanced metal–support interaction, which can improve the catalytic activity and significantly enhance the catalytic stability. − Therefore, there is still much room for progress in designing Pd-based catalysts with enhanced metal–support interfacial interaction for efficient and stable NO 3 RR.…”

Enhanced Hot Electron Flow and Catalytic Synergy by Engineering Core–Shell Structures on Au–Pd Nanocatalysts

“…While extensive research has been dedicated to identifying suitable catalyst materials over an extended period, comprehending catalytic mechanisms through the lens of surface science offers a systematic approach. – Traditionally, noble metals such as Pt have been recognized as prominent catalysts, capitalizing on their ability to furnish a substantial active area to reactants and mitigate catalyst deactivation. Nevertheless, the formation of bimetallic catalysts has revealed their potential to significantly outperform existing noble metal catalysts due to the distinctive occurrence of atomic interfaces. , This encompasses alloy types that influence electronic characteristics by altering atomic arrangements, – as well as phase-separation types where distinct phases can synergistically or organically undertake roles through independent spatial segregation. – Despite numerous experimental findings showcasing heightened catalytic activity in heterogeneous compounds, there remains a scarcity of quantitative or experimental discussions addressing the optimization and regulation of the underlying electronic properties driving this phenomenon.…”