Retrospective case series to identify the most common conditions seen ‘out‐of‐hours’ by first‐opinion equine veterinary practitioners

Bowden, Adelle; Boynova, Polina; Mair, T. S.; Furness, Wendy A; Freeman, Sarah; Burford, John

doi:10.1136/vr.105880

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Unfortunately, for horses, wounds constitute one of the most prevalent emergency conditions [ 1 ]. By themselves, horses already present a challenge in wound healing in the distal limbs [ 2 , 3 ], mainly due to the anatomical characteristics of this region where there is a substantial loss of soft tissue, high skin tension, and movement [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Production by Critical Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens from an Equine Wound

Afonso

Sousa

Pinto

et al. 2023

Animals

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As in human medicine, in veterinary medicine, chronic wounds are often related to polymicrobial infections and the presence of a biofilm, which compromises the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. In this study, a Lusitano mare presented a 21-day-old chronic wound that was only being treated with an antiseptic. A swab sample was collected, and three isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and one of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. S. aureus did not show resistance to a panel of antibiotics. However, the P. aeruginosa isolate showed a resistance profile to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, which may suggest a cross-resistance between antiseptic and antibiotics, given that no antibiotic therapy was applied to the wound or the mare in the previous year. Further experiments were conducted to assess the ability of the isolates to form biofilms, and to ascertain their susceptibility to gentamicin. The results demonstrated that the isolates produced biofilms. Gentamicin at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10× MIC caused biofilm removal between 59.3% and 85.7%, with the highest removal percentage being obtained for the P. aeruginosa isolate (at 10× MIC concentration). This study reveals that an equine wound was colonized by antibiotic resistant bacteria, and that all the wound colonizers could form biofilms, demonstrating the relevance of an adequate diagnosis and treatment when there is a suspicion of a biofilm-infected wound. It also highlights the possibility of resistance transmission between animals, animals and humans, or animals and the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Production by Critical Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens from an Equine Wound

Afonso

Sousa

Pinto

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Outcome (survival) data are available for equine emergencies from tertiary referral centers 5,17–19 . Survival rates for equids presenting to referral centers have been approximately 75% 5,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of factors associated with emergency frequency and survival in equids presenting for emergency care (2019–2020): 3071 cases

Bouton¹,

Fielding²,

Major³

et al. 2023

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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ObjectiveTo determine factors associated with frequency and outcome of equid emergencies in private practice.DesignRetrospective study from February 2019 to January 2020.SettingPrivate practice large animal hospital.AnimalsA total of 3071 equids of various breeds and ages presenting for emergency care.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsVariables included for analysis of daily emergency frequency included day of the week, month, and daily climate data. A Poisson regression model found the maximum temperature (P = 0.05), average barometric pressure (P = 0.005), and decreases in barometric pressure (P = 0.05) were associated with an increasing daily number of emergencies. Overall survival for all emergencies was 89% (2748/3071). Variables included for analysis of nonsurvival for emergencies included signalment, body system, clinical examination findings, laboratory data, and experience of the veterinarian. A logistic regression model for primary emergencies (nonreferral) found that increasing age, increasing heart rate, and decreased gastrointestinal sounds were associated with an increase in nonsurvival. Body system and experience of the veterinarian affected nonsurvival. A logistic regression model for all emergencies (primary and referral) found that absent gastrointestinal sounds and an increasing PCV were associated with increased nonsurvival.ConclusionsThe number of daily emergencies in this practice was affected by the month of the year and day of the week. Additionally, hotter days, increased barometric pressure, or drops in barometric pressure are likely to be associated with a higher emergency caseload. Nonsurvival of primary equid emergencies in private practice increases with age, higher heart rates, and decreased gastrointestinal sounds.

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“…Colic, or 'abdominal pain', is regarded as the most common and important emergency condition in the horse [25,26]. Colic has a relatively high incidence, and coupled with its significant mortality this condition poses a substantial welfare concern in equids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Owners’ Knowledge and Approaches to Colic in Working Equids in Honduras

Wild

Freeman

Robles

et al. 2021

Animals

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In Honduras, many families are reliant on working equids in their daily life. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge about, and approaches to colic used by owners of working equids in Choluteca, Honduras using a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured, verbal questionnaires were conducted with ninety-three owners from eleven different communities in the Choluteca region on equid horse owners’ knowledge of colic and treatments. Additional context was gained through observations and verbal questionnaires with three veterinary practitioners and eight agricultural pharmacy (agrovet) store owners. Working equids were commonly used for firewood collection 31% (40/126), transportation 24% (30/126), and carrying crops 13% (17/126). Thirty-eight percent of owners (35/92) said they did not know what colic was, 27% (24/89) could not name any clinical signs, and 46% (42/92) could not name any causes. Most owners with previous experience of colic had treated it themselves 79% (53/67), typically using herbal remedies. Colic was a major concern for owners of working equids who had prior experience or knowledge of the condition. Knowledge and understanding of colic varied, and access to evidence-based treatments was very limited. The findings will be used to inform the development of educational resources on colic in working equids.

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Retrospective case series to identify the most common conditions seen ‘out‐of‐hours’ by first‐opinion equine veterinary practitioners

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Biofilm Production by Critical Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens from an Equine Wound

Biofilm Production by Critical Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens from an Equine Wound

Retrospective evaluation of factors associated with emergency frequency and survival in equids presenting for emergency care (2019–2020): 3071 cases

Owners’ Knowledge and Approaches to Colic in Working Equids in Honduras

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