Retrospective evaluation of acute liver failure in dogs (1995–2012): 49 cases

Lester, C.; Cooper, Johanna; Peters, Rachel M.; Webster, Cynthia R. L.

doi:10.1111/vec.12482

Cited by 26 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the majority of dogs with CH, the etiology remains undetermined and is considered to be of idiopathic origin . AH can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including toxins, adverse drug reactions, infectious disease ( i.e, canine adenovirus‐1 infection, leptospirosis), or is considered idiopathic . In the last few decades, copper toxicosis is recognized with increased frequency as an etiologic factor in the development of both AH and CH in several dog breeds, including the Labrador retriever …”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 AH can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including toxins, adverse drug reactions, infectious disease (i.e, canine adenovirus-1 infection, leptospirosis), or is considered idiopathic. 1,2,[5][6][7] In the last few decades, copper toxicosis is recognized with increased frequency as an etiologic factor in the development of both AH and CH in several dog breeds, [8][9][10][11][12] including the Labrador retriever. [13][14][15][16] Clinical signs of liver disease are usually not very specific, except in end-stage liver disease, where icteric mucous membranes and presence of ascites might indicate advanced liver disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Dirksen

Burgener

Rothuizen

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBiochemical indicators for diagnosing liver disease are plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and bile acid concentration (BA).ObjectivesTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting primary hepatitis (PH) in clinically healthy Labrador retrievers and investigate whether ALT and ALP can discriminate between dogs with PH and nonspecific reactive hepatitis (RH).Animals191 clinically healthy and 51 clinically ill Labrador retrievers with hepatic histopathology.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for ALT, ALP, preprandial BA, liver histopathology, and hepatic copper concentrations.ResultsIn 64% (122/191) of the clinically healthy Labrador retrievers, hepatic histology revealed inflammatory infiltrates. This frequency might be biased because part of them was included as first‐line relatives of dogs with copper‐associated hepatitis. Sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA in this population for detecting acute hepatitis was 45, 15, and 15%, respectively. For chronic hepatitis, sensitivity was 71, 35, and 13%, respectively. Specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA was >90% for AH, CH, and RH. When increased liver enzymes were present, median ALT was significantly higher in PH cases (312 U/L, range 38–1,369) compared to RH cases (91 U/L, range 39–139) (P < .001). There was no difference in ALP between dogs with a PH and a RH (P = .361).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHistopathologic abnormalities in the liver were present in the majority of apparent clinically healthy Labrador retrievers. The sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting acute and chronic hepatitis in this population was low. More sensitive biomarkers are needed for early detection of liver disease in apparent clinically healthy dogs.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Dirksen

Burgener

Rothuizen

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Causes for ALF in dogs include drugs/toxins, infections, and neoplasia . In both dogs described here, there was no access to toxins or drugs other than the cheese tree roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Causes for ALF in dogs include toxic causes (cycad palms/sago palms, blue‐green algae, Amanita mushroom, aflatoxins, and xylitol), drug reactions (carprofen, acetaminophen, phenazopyridine, phenobarbital, sulphonamides, lomustine, zonisamide, doxycycline, cephalexin, glucosamine, and trimethoprim‐sulfadiazine), infectious agents ( Leptospira and canine adenovirus‐1 [CAV‐1]), and neoplasia (lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and carcinoma) . In most cases, the inciting cause of ALF is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prognosis for ALF varies depending on the underlying etiology, degree of hepatocellular damage, regenerative capacity of the liver, stage of the disease when treatment is initiated, the presence and rapidity of the development of disease sequelae such as HE, and response to therapy . The prognosis for ALF in dogs is generally considered to be poor …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute liver failure in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots

Griebsch¹,

Whitney²,

Angles³

et al. 2018

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To describe the management and resolution of acute liver failure (ALF) in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots. Case Summaries:A 2-year-old male entire Bullmastiff and a 5-year-old female neutered German Shepherd dog were presented for acute-onset lethargy and vomiting after chewing on tree roots of a cheese tree. Both dogs developed clinical abnormalities consistent with ALF, including hepatic encephalopathy, marked increase in alanine aminotransferase activity and bilirubin concentration, and prolonged coagulation times. Treatment included administration of intravenous fluids, hepatoprotectants, vitamin K 1 , antibiotics, lactulose, antacids, antiemetics, and multiple fresh frozen plasma transfusions. Follow-up examinations performed 30 days after initial presentation revealed the dogs to be clinically healthy with serum biochemical and coagulation profiles within reference intervals.New or Unique Information: This is the first report describing ALF in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (G. ferdinandi) roots. In this clinical setting, despite a poor prognosis, survival and recovery of adequate liver function were possible with medical management.

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Acute Liver Failure

Mandell

2018

Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine

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Retrospective evaluation of acute liver failure in dogs (1995–2012): 49 cases

Abstract: Canine ALF is associated with multiple etiologies and a high mortality rate. Strategies to increase survival are urgently required.

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Sensitivity and Specificity of PlasmaALT,ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Acute liver failure in two dogs following ingestion of cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) roots

Acute Liver Failure

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