Retrospective screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 among influenza‐like illness hospitalizations: 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons, Valencia region, Spain

Mira‐Iglesias, Ainara; Mengual‐Chuliá, Beatriz; Cano, Laura; García‐Rubio, Javier; Tortajada‐Girbés, Miguel; Carballido‐Fernández, Mario; Mollar-Maseres, Joan; Schwarz‐Chavarri, Germán; García‐Esteban, Sandra; Puig-Barberà, Joan; Díez‐Domingo, Javier; López‐Labrador, F. Xavier

doi:10.1111/irv.12899

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Some studies that retrospectively screened respiratory samples collected from patients with influenza-like and respiratory symptoms, including those collected within the framework of influenza surveillance, found no evidence for SARS-CoV-2 (table 2),37–41 including during times when community SARS-CoV-2 transmission in respective populations was already occurring 20. Nonetheless, the combination of all knowledge acquired so far from retrospective studies strongly suggests that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating outside of China considerably earlier than the currently postulated time frame of late December 2019/early January 2020, at least in some parts of the world.…”

Section: Implications Of Available Early Circulation Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Waiting for the truth: is reluctance in accepting an early origin hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 delaying our understanding of viral emergence?

et al. 2022

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Two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, key questions about the emergence of its aetiological agent (SARS-CoV-2) remain a matter of considerable debate. Identifying when SARS-CoV-2 began spreading among people is one of those questions. Although the current canonically accepted timeline hypothesises viral emergence in Wuhan, China, in November or December 2019, a growing body of diverse studies provides evidence that the virus may have been spreading worldwide weeks, or even months, prior to that time. However, the hypothesis of earlier SARS-CoV-2 circulation is often dismissed with prejudicial scepticism and experimental studies pointing to early origins are frequently and speculatively attributed to false-positive tests. In this paper, we critically review current evidence that SARS-CoV-2 had been circulating prior to December of 2019, and emphasise how, despite some scientific limitations, this hypothesis should no longer be ignored and considered sufficient to warrant further larger-scale studies to determine its veracity.

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Section: Implications Of Available Early Circulation Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Waiting for the truth: is reluctance in accepting an early origin hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 delaying our understanding of viral emergence?

et al. 2022

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“…Spain has been one of the European countries with the highest number of COVID-19 cases, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC, (accessed on 22 January 2022)). Previous studies have analyzed the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain [ 5 , 112 ], certain Spanish cities or AC [ 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 ], and variants [ 119 , 120 ]. However, as far as we know, this is the first study including all SARS-CoV-2 GISAID available sequences from the 17 AC and 2 Autonomous Cities since the beginning of the pandemic until the sixth epidemiologic wave, including the most prevalent mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the First Two Years of the Pandemic: Circulating Variants, Amino Acid Conservation, and Genetic Variability in Structural, Non-Structural, and Accessory Proteins

Troyano-Hernáez

Reinosa

Holguín

2022

IJMS

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Monitoring SARS-CoV-2’s genetic diversity and emerging mutations in this ongoing pandemic is crucial to understanding its evolution and ensuring the performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies. Spain has been one of the main epicenters of COVID-19, reaching the highest number of cases and deaths per 100,000 population in Europe at the beginning of the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain and its 18 Autonomous Communities across the six epidemic waves established from February 2020 to January 2022. We report on the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in each epidemic wave and Spanish region and analyze the mutation frequency, amino acid (aa) conservation, and most frequent aa changes across each structural/non-structural/accessory viral protein among the Spanish sequences deposited in the GISAID database during the study period. The overall SARS-CoV-2 mutation frequency was 1.24 × 10−5. The aa conservation was >99% in the three types of protein, being non-structural the most conserved. Accessory proteins had more variable positions, while structural proteins presented more aa changes per sequence. Six main lineages spread successfully in Spain from 2020 to 2022. The presented data provide an insight into the SARS-CoV-2 circulation and genetic variability in Spain during the first two years of the pandemic.

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“…RNA extraction was performed following Sánchez Barrueco et al [ 2 ]. To detect the SARS-CoV-2 E gene, a multiplex RT-qPCR test was performed based on WHO-Charité and U.S. CDC assays [ 11 , 12 ], following the details of the protocol described by Mira-Iglesias et al [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo effect of mouthwashes on viable viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: a pilot study

Barrueco¹,

Mateos-Moreno

Aubá

et al. 2023

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Current data on the efficacy of antiseptic mouthwashes to reduce viral load are contradictory. Firstly, in vitro data indicate very strong virucidal effects that are not replicated in clinical studies. Secondly, most clinical studies identify a limited effect, do not include a control/placebo group, or do not evaluate viral viability in an infection model. In the current manuscript, we perform a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where salivary viral load was measured before and after the mouthwash, and where saliva samples were also cultured in an in vitro infection model of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes on viral viability. Our data show a 90–99% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 salivary copies with one of the tested mouthwashes, although we show that the remaining viruses are mostly viable. In addition, our data suggest that the active ingredient concentration and the overall excipients’ formulation can play an important role; and most importantly, they indicate that the effect is not immediate, being significant at 15 min and having maximum effectiveness after 1 h. Thus, we show that some oral mouthwashes can be useful in reducing viral transmission, although their efficacy must be improved through refined formulations or revised protocols.

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Retrospective screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 among influenza‐like illness hospitalizations: 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons, Valencia region, Spain

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Waiting for the truth: is reluctance in accepting an early origin hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 delaying our understanding of viral emergence?

Waiting for the truth: is reluctance in accepting an early origin hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 delaying our understanding of viral emergence?

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain during the First Two Years of the Pandemic: Circulating Variants, Amino Acid Conservation, and Genetic Variability in Structural, Non-Structural, and Accessory Proteins

In vivo effect of mouthwashes on viable viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: a pilot study

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