Retrospective Study on Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcome of Horses Referred for Colic from 2016 to 2022

Straticò, Paola; Varasano, Vincenzo; Palozzo, Adriana; Celani, Gianluca; Revelant, Ortensia; Petrizzi, Lucio

doi:10.3390/vetsci9100545

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Reporting rates from the time of recovery from anaesthesia removes horses that were euthanized or died during surgery or recovery from the analysis, leading to a favourable selection bias for short-term survival. In the present study, the intraoperative euthanasia rate was 25.9%, which is higher than recent reported rates of 3.8–25.8% ( 7 , 10 , 16 , 22 , 33 ). The increased intraoperative euthanasia rate reported here may reflect the large distances these horses travelled before surgery.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The US equine population varies from that of Europe, and it is unclear whether data can be accurately extrapolated between these populations ( 29 , 30 ). Thus, it is important to investigate and to report national and regional colic survival outcomes and risk factors for specific populations ( 20 , 22 ). The objective of this study was to describe the survival of horses following colic surgery at a referral hospital within the Pacific Northwest region of the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term outcome after colic surgery: retrospective study of 106 horses in the USA (2014–2021)

Matthews,

Sanz,

Sellon

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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ObjectiveTo determine long-term survival rate, defined as survival to 1 year after discharge from the hospital, and rate of return to prior athletic, breeding, or other function in horses undergoing colic surgery at the first presentation at one referral hospital in the Pacific northwest region of the United States.ProceduresRecords were reviewed for all horses that underwent colic surgery between October 2014 and October 2021. Owners of horses that survived to discharge were contacted to obtain follow-up information via internet-based questionnaire or telephone interview. The percentage of horses that survived to 1 year after discharge, rates of return to function, and complications occurring after hospital discharge were determined. The possible association of patient signalment, lesion type, and surgical procedures with long-term survival was examined with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Overall satisfaction was indicated on a scale of 1 (unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied).ResultsOf 185 horses that underwent surgical intervention for colic and met the inclusion criteria, 134 horses recovered from anesthesia, with 106 of these recovered horses (79.1%) surviving to discharge. Of the 71 horses for which follow-up information was obtained, 61 horses survived to 1 year after discharge (long-term survival rate of 85.9%). There were no demographic, lesion type, or surgical procedure variables significantly associated with long-term survival. Prior to surgery, 59/71 horses (83.1%) were engaged in some type of athletic activity. After surgery, 44/61 horses (72.1%) were reported to be athletically active. Only one horse was reported to be retired from athletic activity as a direct result of a complication from surgery. Overall satisfaction with the decision to proceed with colic surgery was rated by all respondents as 4 or 5.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe long-term survival for this sample of horses was similar to previously published reports of long-term survival after colic surgery. Horses that survived to hospital discharge were highly likely to remain alive and be athletically active 1 year later. There were no factors related to the signalment of the horse, the specific cause of colic, or the surgical procedures performed that were significantly associated with likelihood of survival.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term outcome after colic surgery: retrospective study of 106 horses in the USA (2014–2021)

Matthews,

Sanz,

Sellon

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Calves with higher SI, HR, or LAC suffering from digestive diseases had a higher risk of a negative outcome. Numerous studies performed on horses suffering from obstructive digestive diseases showed a significant association between heart rate at admission and short-term survival [ 12 , 41 , 43 , 50 , 51 ]. A systematic review about clinical predictive models in horses showed that the most commonly included predictors of short-term survival were heart rate, packed cell volume, and mucous membrane characteristic (color and capillary refill time) [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Blood Lactate, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Shock Index, and Their Association with Prognosis in Calves

Casalta,

Bayrou,

Djebala

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Diseases in young calves received as emergencies are often associated with hypovolemic and/or septic shocks. The objectives of our study were to (1) assess the correlation between clinical hemodynamic parameters and blood L-lactates (LAC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the shock index (SI) recorded upon arrival; and (2) to evaluate how these parameters were related to short-term outcomes in calves under 4 months of age presented as emergencies. We conducted a single-observer prospective observational study on calves aged from 1 day to 4 months, presented to the Veterinary Clinic for Ruminants of Liège from December 2020 to May 2022. Forty-five calves were included in the study. The statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between LAC and heart rate (r = 0.570; p < 0.05) and LAC and SI (r = 0.373; p < 0.05). A high LAC value at admission was significantly associated with a negative outcome (death) (p < 0.05). In calves suffering from obstructive digestive diseases, the SI was related to the outcome and the analysis indicated a cut-off value of 1.13 (Se = 0.77, Spe = 1). In conclusion, in our study, the initial blood L-lactate value was correlated with heart rate, the shock index, and the clinical shock score, and admission hyperlactatemia was associated with a poor prognosis in calves under 4 months of age. In this cohort, the shock index in calves suffering from digestive diseases was linked with mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have already been published about the complications and survival rates of horses undergoing colic surgery [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. These studies have reported that the short-term survival rate could be affected by several factors, such as the type and severity of disease or the treatment applied [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. To the best of our knowledge, no multicentre studies have been conducted in Italy describing predictive indices of prognosis and short-term survival rates in horses undergoing colic surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Survival and Postoperative Complications Rates in Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery: A Multicentre Study

Spadari

Gialletti²,

Gandini

et al. 2023

Animals

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The occurrence of colic could be influenced by the characteristics of a population, geographical area, and feeding management. The aim of this study was to report the short-term postoperative complications and survival rates and to identify factors that might affect the outcome of horses that underwent colic surgery in three Italian surgical referral centres. Data of horses subjected to colic surgery in three referral centres (2018–2021) were analysed. Comparisons of the outcomes were performed using a Mann–Whitney or a Chi square test. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used for parameters that were significant in the previous univariate analysis. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using the Akike information criterion (AIC). Significance was defined as p < 0.05, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as percentages. A total of 451 horses were included. The survival rate was 68.5% of all of the horses that underwent colic surgery and 80% of the horses surviving anaesthesia. Age, BCS, PCV and TPP before and after surgery, amount of reflux, type of disease, type of lesion, duration of surgery, surgeon’s experience, and amount of intra- and postoperative fluids administered influenced the probability of short-term survival. The multivariate analysis revealed that PCV at arrival, TPP after surgery, and BCS had the highest predictive power. This is the first multicentre study in Italy. The results of this study may help surgeons to inform owners regarding the prognosis of colic surgery.

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Retrospective Study on Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcome of Horses Referred for Colic from 2016 to 2022

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Long-term outcome after colic surgery: retrospective study of 106 horses in the USA (2014–2021)

Long-term outcome after colic surgery: retrospective study of 106 horses in the USA (2014–2021)

Evaluation of Blood Lactate, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Shock Index, and Their Association with Prognosis in Calves

Short-Term Survival and Postoperative Complications Rates in Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery: A Multicentre Study

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