Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic

Moore, Sam; Hill, Edward M.; Dyson, Louise; Tildesley, Michael J.; Keeling, Matt J.

doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02064-y

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A type of positive-stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2 has spread over the world, creating epidemics in almost every nation. 1 Since the beginning of the epidemic, it has been challenging to contain, and the current outbreak of Omicron has only made this difficulty worse. 2 The RT-qPCR is the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and is usually used to detect the pathogenic virus RNA in respiratory secretions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid and Unamplified Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via CRISPR-Cas13a-Modified Solution-Gated Graphene Transistors

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is termed COVID-19. Even though COVID-19 has been out for more than two years, it is still causing a global pandemic. Due to the limitations of sample collection, transportation, and kit performance, the traditional reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method has a long detection period and high testing costs. An increased risk of infection is inevitable, since many patients may not be diagnosed in time. The CRISPR-Cas13a system can be designed for RNA identification and knockdown, as a promising platform for nucleic acid detection. Here, we designed a solutiongated graphene transistor (SGGT) biosensor based on the CRISPR-Cas13a system. Using the gene-targeting capacity of CRISPR-Cas13a and gate functionalization via multilayer modification, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid sequences can be quickly and precisely identified without the need for amplification or fluorescence tagging. The limit of detection (LOD) in both buffer and serum reached the aM level, and the reaction time was about 10 min. The results of the detection of COVID-19 clinical samples from throat swabs agree with RT-PCR. In addition, the interchangeable gates significantly minimize the cost and time of device fabrication. In a nutshell, our biosensor technology is broadly applicable and will be suitable for point-of-care (POC) testing.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A type of positive-stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2 has spread over the world, creating epidemics in almost every nation . Since the beginning of the epidemic, it has been challenging to contain, and the current outbreak of Omicron has only made this difficulty worse .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Unamplified Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via CRISPR-Cas13a-Modified Solution-Gated Graphene Transistors

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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“…In general, we would also expect such results to hold for future pandemics in other geographical or demographic settings whenever first doses generate substantial protection against severe disease in the most vulnerable [9]. However, bespoke models matched to available national data are ideally needed to assess the benefits on a case-by-case basis [20, 22, 23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose Separation and Dose Targeting on Hospital Admissions and Deaths from COVID-19 in England

Keeling

Penman

Hill

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In late 2020, the JCVI (the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, which provides advice to the Department of Health and Social Care, England) made two important recommendations for the initial roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine. The first was that vaccines should be targeted to the elderly and vulnerable, with the aim of maximally preventing disease rather than infection - a prioritisation that has become the adopted practice in many countries. The second was to increase the interval between first and second doses for 3 to 12-weeks, which both accounted for the observation that the ChAdOx vaccine appeared to have a higher efficacy with this longer dose interval, and that by delaying second doses the capacity to deliver first doses was increased. Here, using the latest data on vaccine efficacy we re-examine these recommendations through a mathe- matical model, to understand their short and medium-term impacts in England. In particular, we show that targeting the most vulnerable had the biggest immediate impact (compared to targeting younger individuals who may be more responsible for transmission). The 12-week delay was also highly beneficial, estimated to have averted between 32-72 thousand hospital admissions and 4-9 thousand deaths over the first ten months of the campaign (December 2020 - September 2021) - depending on the assumed interaction between dose interval and efficacy.

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“…As an example of significant disparities in vaccination rates, 80% of people in high-income countries have been vaccinated, but just 16% of people in low-income countries. [6] In poor countries, the virus exposes and exploits every weak point in their health infrastructure. Vaccine hesitancy was also playing a significant role where in the past the public health system has failed the people leading to a historic mistrust of authorities.…”

Section: Health Inequitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need to Vaccinate Against COVID-19

Sim¹

2022

JMUST

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Globally, now in the third year of the pandemic, COVID-19 deaths have exceeded more than 6 million. As new subvariants emerge and spread, vaccines work to limit the worst of COVID-19 and continue to be important. Restraints are lifted, and COVID-19 may be seen as done for some, but COVID-19 is not yet done with others, no matter how badly everyone wants it to end. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. The protection provided by vaccines and booster doses offer a method of mitigating severe clinical outcomes and mortality. As debates over additional booster shots for COVID-19 intensify, many researchers are looking to the universal coronavirus vaccine model as a guide for managing future variants of SARS-CoV-2 and preempt the next COVID-19 surge.

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Retrospectively modeling the effects of increased global vaccine sharing on the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 76 publications

References 43 publications

Rapid and Unamplified Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via CRISPR-Cas13a-Modified Solution-Gated Graphene Transistors

Rapid and Unamplified Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via CRISPR-Cas13a-Modified Solution-Gated Graphene Transistors

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose Separation and Dose Targeting on Hospital Admissions and Deaths from COVID-19 in England

The Need to Vaccinate Against COVID-19

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