Return Flow in Rivers due to Navigation Traffic

Bhowmik, Nani G.; Xia, Renjie; Mazumder, B. S.; Soong, Ta Wei

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:12(914)

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The vessels sailing to Germany generally follow the south bank, and the vessels going back to Rotterdam follow the north bank. The currents induced by shipping are much stronger for upstream‐moving, heavily loaded vessels than for downstream‐moving ones (Bhowmik et al ., 1995). Thus, the impact of navigation traffic on erosion of the groyne field beaches is strongest in the southern part of the river and results in these beaches being a source of relatively fine‐grained sediment for the main channel for most of the time (Ten Brinke et al ., 1999b).…”

Section: Grain‐size Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of subaqueous dunes to floods in sand and gravel bed reaches of the Dutch Rhine

Wilbers¹,

2003

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The branches of the River Rhine in the Netherlands, characterized by a sand–gravel bed in the upstream part and a sand bed in the downstream part of the river system, show migrating dunes, especially during floods. In the last 20 years, these dunes have been studied extensively. High‐resolution echo‐sounding measurements of these dunes, made with single and multibeam equipment, were analysed for three different sections of the Rhine river system during several floods. This analysis was done to quantify the growth, decay and migration rates of the dunes during floods. In addition, the migrating dunes were used to calculate bedload transport rates with dune tracking. The results of dune growth and decay and migration rate are shown to be very different for the various sections during the various floods, and these differences are related to differences in grain size of the bed and to differences in the distribution of discharge over the main channel and the floodplain. The relations are used to show that the growth and migration rate of dunes, and the calculated bedload transport rates during the rising stage of a flood wave can be predicted from the mobility of the bed material with simple power relations.

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Section: Grain‐size Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of subaqueous dunes to floods in sand and gravel bed reaches of the Dutch Rhine

Wilbers¹,

2003

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“…An increase in water‐flow velocity can be caused by channelization of the riverbed (Den Hartog et al ., ; Hodgson and O'Hara, ), vessel traffic (Bhowmik et al ., ; Wolter and Arlinghaus, ) or climate change (Milly et al ., ). It is known that rapid water flows constitute barriers that exceed the behavioural capabilities of certain fish species, leading to constrained populations (Haro et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size‐Mediated Effects of Water‐Flow Velocity on Riverine Fish Species

Signore

Lenders

Hendriks

et al. 2014

River Research & Apps

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We applied species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), commonly used in chemical risk assessment, to quantify the impact of water-flow velocity on the presence of fish species in a river. SSDs for water-flow velocity were derived from observational field data (maximal velocity at which species occur, V max ) and laboratory measurements (critical swimming velocity, V crit ). By calculating the potentially affected fraction of the fish species of the river Rhine, effects of water-flow velocity on different life stages and guilds were estimated. V max values for adults were significantly higher than those for juveniles and larvae. At water-flow velocity of 60 cm s À1 , half of the adults were affected, while half of the non-adult life stages were affected at velocities of 25 to 29 cm s À1 . There was a positive correlation between body size and fish tolerance to water-flow. As expected, rheophilic species tolerated higher water-flow velocities than eurytopic and limnophilic species. Maximal velocities measured in littoral zones of the Rhine were, on average, 10 cm s À1 , corresponding to an affected fraction of 2%. An increase in water-flow velocity up to 120 cm s À1 as a result of passing vessels caused an increase in affected species to 75%. For a successful ecological river management, the SSD method can be used to quantify the trait-mediated effects of water-flow alterations on occurring species enabling to compare and rank the effects of chemical and physical stress.

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“…The major variables thought to control sediment exchange between the groyne fields and the navigation channel are the characteristics of the navigation (Bhowmik et al, 1995) and the distance between the groynes (Uijttewaal et al, 2001). The characteristics of the navigation vary between the north and south side of the river because vessels going upstream are generally loaded and follow the south bank, whereas the empty vessels returning downstream follow the north bank ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Flow Pattern In Groyne Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some qualitative information is available on currents and sediment transport induced by vessels near coastal beaches (Osborne and Boak, 1999). More quantitative studies, based on field measurements, have been carried out on the Mississippi (Xia et al, 1994;Bhowmik et al, 1995). In these studies, the effect of barge-tows on processes near the banks was studied extensively, resulting in predictive relationships between characteristics of barge-tow passages and currents near the banks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand exchange between groyne‐field beaches and the navigation channel of the Dutch Rhine: the impact of navigation versus river flow

Brinke

Schulze

Veer

2004

River Research & Apps

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The morphodynamics of groyne-field beaches along the Dutch Rhine was studied from in situ measurements of hydrodynamics and sand transport, aerial photographs, and bed-level time series. From the analyses, it appeared that groyne-field beaches experience an alternation of periods of erosion and deposition. The erosion is due to navigation at low to moderate discharge; the deposition is due to floods. On a time scale of a few decades, periods of erosion and deposition are in equilibrium. Navigation-induced erosion is mainly due to vessels >60 m. The impact of passing vessels on the currents near the banks and the erosion of the beaches increases as underwater volume increases. Individually, loaded barge-tows have the greatest influence on groyne-field hydrodynamics and sand transport. On a yearly basis, however, the relatively strong influence of push towing is superseded by the higher frequency of passing motorized vessels. The erosion on a yearly basis, therefore, is driven by the effects of the large motorized vessels. The effects of push towing are negligible.Underwater volume and passing distance from the bank are the most important parameters of passages, insofar as their effect on groyne-field beaches is concerned. The effect of underwater volume is clearly reflected in the different behaviour of groynefield beaches on the north and south banks. Loaded vessels sailing along the south bank from Rotterdam to Germany have a much greater effect on the beaches on the south bank than do returning vessels, often empty or partly loaded, on the beaches of the north bank. As a result, beach erosion on the south bank is twice as pronounced as the erosion on the north bank. Remarkably, the greater erosion of the beaches observed on the south bank was compensated by a similarly larger deposition during the flood of 1998.The impact of navigation on groyne-field beach erosion increased strongly from

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Return Flow in Rivers due to Navigation Traffic

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

The response of subaqueous dunes to floods in sand and gravel bed reaches of the Dutch Rhine

The response of subaqueous dunes to floods in sand and gravel bed reaches of the Dutch Rhine

Size‐Mediated Effects of Water‐Flow Velocity on Riverine Fish Species

Sand exchange between groyne‐field beaches and the navigation channel of the Dutch Rhine: the impact of navigation versus river flow

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