Returning fire to Ozark Highland forest ecosystems: Effects on advance regeneration

Dey, Daniel C.; Hartman, George W.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.002

Cited by 103 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, longer exposure to lower temperatures may also cause the death of tissue. Average maximum temperatures from 174 to 700 o F have been recorded at or near the ground during prescribed fires in hardwood forests in the Missouri Ozarks (Dey and Hartman 2005), Ohio (Hutchinson et al 2005a, Iverson et al 2004, Phillips et al 2007, and the southern Appalachian Mountains (Elliott and Vose 2005, Greenberg et al 2012, Phillips et al 2007). These temperatures are capable of causing death to hardwood stems depending on duration of exposure and tree characteristics.…”

Section: Chapter 3: Adaptations Of Oak To Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of oak seedlings to sprout postfire increases exponentially as basal diameter increases (Dey and Hartman 2005). Young (e.g., <3 years old) and small (e.g., <0.25-inch basal diameter) oak seedlings are susceptible to mortality by fire because of their thin bark and relatively low root carbohydrate reserves in their small root systems (Johnson 1974, Johnson et al 2009).…”

Section: Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small differences in bark thickness produce large differences in fire resistance because the duration of heat required to kill tree cambium is proportional to the square of the bark thickness (Hare 1965). Tree stem diameter has been correlated to survival after burning because it is directly related to bark thickness and tree height, and hence to a tree's ability to resist heat injury to the cambium or crown (Dey and Hartman 2005, Hare 1965, Loomis 1973, Regelbrugge and Smith 1994.…”

Section: Saplingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are ≤4 inches. (Brose et al 2013b, Dey and Hartman 2005, Hutchinson et al 2005b). Trees larger than this d.b.h.…”

Section: Saplingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Brose¹,

Dey²,

Waldrop³

2014

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Guidelines for using prescribed fire to regenerate and restore upland oak forests, woodlands, and savannas in eastern North America were developed by synthesizing the results of more than 100 scientific publications. The first four chapters provide background information on the values of oak ecosystems, eastern fire history, oak's adaptations to fire, and the findings of fire-oak research conducted over the past 50 years. The final chapter synthesizes that background information into guidelines that explain how to use prescribed fire to facilitate oak seedling establishment, release oak reproduction from competing mesophytic hardwoods, and rehabilitate open oak woodlands, oak savannas, and scrub oak communities. A reference section is also provided for readers desiring to delve more deeply into the associations between periodic fire and oak forests, woodlands, and savannas.

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Section: Chapter 3: Adaptations Of Oak To Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saplingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are ≤4 inches. (Brose et al 2013b, Dey and Hartman 2005, Hutchinson et al 2005b). Trees larger than this d.b.h.…”

Section: Saplingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Brose¹,

Dey²,

Waldrop³

2014

Self Cite

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“…Previously mentioned was our study (Hutchinson et al, 2005) which found that multiple fires without thinning did not sufficiently stimulate oak regeneration. However, Dey and Hartman (2005) applied multiple fires to younger dry oak forests in the Missouri Ozarks and found that oak and hickory were favored relative to their competitors. Franklin et al (2003) reported that low intensity fire and shelterwood cutting in Kentucky did not stimulate oak regeneration, and suggested that 'more severe disturbance techniques' are likely needed for sustainable oak forest management in the central hardwoods region.…”

Section: Effects Of Thinning and Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Iverson

Hutchinson

Prasad

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

125

111

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We document an increase in oak and hickory advance regeneration, depending on landscape position, in the sixth year following mechanical thinning and repeated prescribed fires in southern Ohio, USA. Oak-dominated communities provide a multitude of human and natural resource values throughout the eastern United States, but their long-term sustainability is threatened throughout the region by poor regeneration. This study was established to assess regeneration following midstory thinning (late 2000) and prescribed fire application (2001 and 2005) at two sites in southern Ohio. Each of the four 20+ ha treatment units (two thin and burn, two untreated controls) were modeled for long-term moisture regime using the integrated moisture index (IMI), and a 50 m grid of sampling points was established throughout the units. Vegetation and canopy openness were sampled at each gridpoint before and after treatments, in 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2006. The thin and burn treatment generally resulted in more advance regeneration (>50 cm height) of oak and hickory. The second fires in 2005 created additional landscape heterogeneity by causing variable tree mortality, and thus canopy openness, across the IMI gradient. The drier landscape positions generally had more intense fires, more canopy openness, and more oak and hickory advance regeneration; several other tree species also exhibited marked landscape variation in regeneration after treatments. Though advance regeneration of several competing species became abundant after the initial treatments, the second fires reduced the high densities of the two major competitors, Acer rubrum and Liriodendron tulipifera. Two simple models were developed: (1) a model of oak ''competitiveness'' based on the plot data related to advance regeneration of oaks and competitors and (2) a model estimating the probability of a plot becoming 'competitive for oak' based on canopy openness, IMI class, and number of oak and hickory seedlings present. For dry or intermediate sites with at least 5000 oak and hickory seedlings/ha, opening the canopy to 8.5-19% followed by at least two fires should promote oak and hickory to be 'competitive' over about 50% of the area. However, no appreciable oak and hickory regeneration developed on mesic sites. Overall, these results suggest promise for partial harvesting and repeated fires as a management strategy to reverse the accelerating loss of oak dominance in the central hardwoods region. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Influence of canopy openness, ungulate exclosure, and low‐intensity fire for improved oak regeneration in temperate Europe

Petersson

Dey

Gardiner

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Failed oak regeneration is widely reported in temperate forests and has been linked in part to changed disturbance regimes and land‐use. We investigated if the North American fire–oak hypothesis could be applicable to temperate European oaks (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) using a replicated field experiment with contrasting canopy openness, protection against ungulate browsing (fencing/no fencing), and low‐intensity surface fire (burn/no burn). Survival, relative height growth (RGRH), browsing damage on naturally regenerated oaks (≤300 cm tall), and changes in competing woody vegetation were monitored over three years. Greater light availability in canopy gaps increased oak RGRH (p = .034) and tended to increase survival (p = .092). There was also a trend that protection from browsing positively affected RGRH (p = .058) and survival (p = .059). Burning reduced survival (p < .001), nonetheless, survival rates were relatively high across treatment combinations at the end of the experiment (54%–92%). Most oaks receiving fire were top‐killed and survived by producing new sprouts; therefore, RGRH in burned plots became strongly negative the first year. Thereafter, RGRH was greater in burned plots (p = .002). Burning altered the patterns of ungulate browsing frequency on oaks. Overall, browsing frequency was greater during winter; however, in recently burned plots summer browsing was prominent. Burning did not change relative density of oaks, but it had a clear effect on competing woody vegetation as it reduced the number of individuals (p < .001) and their heights (p < .001). Our results suggest that young, temperate European oaks may respond similarly to fire as their North American congeners. However, disturbance from a single low‐intensity fire may not be sufficient to ensure a persistent competitive advantage—multiple fires and canopy thinning to increase light availability may be needed. Further research investigating long‐term fire effects on oaks of various ages, species‐specific response of competitors and implications for biodiversity conservation is needed.

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Returning fire to Ozark Highland forest ecosystems: Effects on advance regeneration

Cited by 103 publications

References 24 publications

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Influence of canopy openness, ungulate exclosure, and low‐intensity fire for improved oak regeneration in temperate Europe

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Returning fire to Ozark Highland forest ecosystems: Effects on advance regeneration

Cited by 103 publications

References 24 publications

The fire&#151;oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fire&#151;oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Influence of canopy openness, ungulate exclosure, and low‐intensity fire for improved oak regeneration in temperate Europe

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The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines