Returning to school after COVID-19 closures: Who is missing in Malawi?

Kidman, Rachel; Breton, Etienne; Behrman, Jere R.; Kohler, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102645

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This nationwide result confirmed previous local studies that also found the increase of child marriage dispensation applications, including in Nusa Tenggara Barat (Rahiem, 2021), Jawa Tengah (Supriyadi & Suriyati, 2022), and Jawa Timur (Susilo et al, 2021). Moreover, this study supported the global phenomenon regarding the rise of child marriage numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in Africa and South Asia regions (Bachtiar et al, 2021;Kidman et al, 2022;Wahab, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A study among Bangladeshi, Rohingya, Jordanians, and Syrians found that these refugee girls were having a higher risk to be married than local girls or the host community, which mainly because of the curbing policy and the impacted family's economic situation (Baird et al, 2022). Furthermore, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) predicted that the COVID-19 pandemic will significantly add to the number of child marriages worldwide through education interruption, economic crisis, health care interruption, orphanages, and disruption to child marriage prevention programs (Alqahtani & Alqahtani, 2022;Kidman et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors associated with child marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Liem¹,

Julianto²,

Kamsi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To investigate factors associated with the applications of child marriage dispensation submitted to the Religious Courts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly between 2019 and 2021. Methodology: The number of child marriage dispensation cases were analyzed together with other socioeconomic variables, including poverty and jobless rates, junior and senior high school completion rates, number of cerai talak and cerai gugat applications, number of COVID-19 positive cases, and number of deaths by COVID-19. The differences between 2021 and 2019 were analyzed using the paired t-test and repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The relationship between variables were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Hierarchical multiple regression with entering method was used to determine the predictors of the number of child marriage dispensation cases in year 2019, 2020, 2021, and the change from 2019 to 2021. Findings: New dispensation underage marriage applications in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 24,457 (M=843, SD=1,519), 63,391 (M=2,186, SD=4,085), and 62,167 (M=2,144, SD=4,058), which were significantly different (F(1.0, 28.6)=7.63, p=.01) and positively correlated with poverty rate, jobless rate, cerai talak, cerai gugat, COVID-19 positive cases, and COVID-19 death cases. The multiple regression analysis for the change of dispensation underage marriage applications in the pandemic and before (years 2021-2019) was statistically significant, (F(6,22)=117.62, p<.001), which the final model was able to account for 97% of the variance in new dispensation underage marriage applications. Conclusion: Collaborative multi-sectors works are needed to decrease the skyrocketing child marriage numbers, especially in a crisis situation like the COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with child marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Liem¹,

Julianto²,

Kamsi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Key drivers identified were religious beliefs, inadequate economic and social opportunities and a desire to start childbearing [101]. In addition, research examining school enrollment pre-and post-school closures found that the highest rate of dropouts were amongst older female youths, aged 17-19 years, exacerbating existing gender inequalities in education [102]. This suggests that COVID-19 represents not only a current health threat, but is likely to have long-lasting impact on young people's SRH and participation.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of young women in sexual and reproductive health decision-making in Malawi: Local realities versus global rhetoric

Wigle

Paul

Birn

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the global prioritization of addressing adolescent girls’ and young women’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and participatory rights, little research has examined their lived experiences in shaping their engagement in SRH decision-making processes in the global South. Further, few studies have explored how structural and societal factors influence their agency and participation. This critical and focused ethnography, informed by postcolonial feminist and difference-centred citizenship theories, conducted in Malawi (2017–2018) elicited perspectives of youth and key informants to help address these knowledge gaps. Our findings show that the effective implementation and uptake of global discourse on participation and gender equity is hindered by inadequate consideration of girls’ and young women’s local political, cultural and social realities. Many girls and young women demonstrate passion to participate in SRH policymaking as agents of change. However, patriarchal and gerontocratic political and social structures/institutions, and gendered and adultist norms and practices limit their active and meaningful participation in SRH decision-making. In addition, donors’ roles in SRH policymaking and their prioritization of the “girl child” highlight an enduring postcolonial power over agenda-setting processes. Understanding young people’s experiences of gendered participation and scrutinizing underlying systemic forces are critical steps toward realizing young women’s SRH and participatory rights.

show abstract

“…It is possible that the external threat of the pandemic altered risk-behavior patterns. For example, we observed a drop in sexual debut among younger adolescents (aged 13-16) surveyed in 2021 as compared to 2017-2018 [57]. However, we would not expect this drop to change the relative relationship between adversities and HIV risks.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

A prospective study on adverse childhood experiences and HIV-related risk among adolescents in Malawi

Kidman

Breton

Behrman

et al. 2022

Aids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:Adverse childhood experiences have been robustly associated with poor sexual health in later life. In low-income countries, there is growing evidence that children experience greater adversity than those in higher income countries. Research suggests this may contribute to later sexual risk taking and HIV infection, though most studies to date have been cross-sectional.Design:We use longitudinal data on adolescents to examine the temporal relationship between adversity and HIV-related behavioral and biological outcomes.Methods:We interviewed 1878 adolescents living in Malawi in 2017–2018 (age 10–16) and again in 2021 (age 13–20). Adolescents completed the Adverse Childhood Experience – International Questionnaire. HIV-risk was assessed through both behavioral (e.g. condom use) and biological (HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 [HSV2] infection) outcomes. ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic multivariate regression models are used to explore associations between adversity and HIV risk.Results:In longitudinal analyses, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were significantly associated with intimate partner violence and girls’ behavioral risk scores only. HIV incidence was too low to model; there were no significant associations with HSV2. In cross-sectional analyses, ACEs were additionally associated with an early sexual debut, lack of condom use, a greater number of sexual partnerships, and sexually transmitted infection symptoms.Conclusions:Our findings emphasize the importance of collecting prospective data: results from longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses drew qualitatively different conclusions. Cross-sectional analyses may not be accurate representations of longitudinal processes. However, they suggest that recent adversity and distress drives HIV-related behavior, perhaps more than early adversity. Interventions that combat emotional abuse or peer violence during adolescence could potentially reduce HIV risk.

show abstract

Returning to school after COVID-19 closures: Who is missing in Malawi?

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Factors associated with child marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Factors associated with child marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Participation of young women in sexual and reproductive health decision-making in Malawi: Local realities versus global rhetoric

A prospective study on adverse childhood experiences and HIV-related risk among adolescents in Malawi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About