Returns to Education and Female Participation Nexus: Evidence from India

Abstract

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Return to education in Azerbaijan. Does gender matter?

“…With the increased level of education, the wage gap between women and men expands, which also points out the existence of a "glass ceiling" that females often face. Therefore, findings indicate the possibility of wage discrimination against women, which is the pattern commonly observed in many developing countries (Farooq, 2011;Arshad et al, 2014;Kanjilal-Bhaduri and Pastore, 2017).…”

“…On the contrary, most studies especially focused on developing countries indicate lower returns to females than males (Farooq, 2011;Arshad et al, 2014;Kanjilal-Bhaduri and Pastore, 2017). Aslam (2005) studied the wage and education relationship from a gender prism in Pakistan.…”

Social institutions, gender attitudes and female labour force participation in sub‐Saharan Africa

“…Educational attainment significantly increases FLFP. The importance and effects of education on labour force participation are well documented for both developing and developed countries (Anyanwu, 2016; Gakou et al, 2008; Kanjilal‐Bhaduri & Pastore, 2018; Totouom et al, 2018). Investment in women's education increases women's opportunities to work outside the home (Ince, 2010).…”

Women Labor Force Participation and Governance in Developing Economies: A Panel Analysis

“…One of the reasons for the recent decline in female labor force participation is an increase in female enrolment in schooling, but our study shows that the low returns to education are another reason for their less participation. Therefore, women need to be educated above the secondary level to become visible in the labor market (Kanjilal-Bhaduri & Pastore, 2018).…”