Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients

Abstract

Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20 century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20 century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.

Nonenzymatic Serum Antioxidant Capacity in IBD and Its Association with the Severity of Bowel Inflammation and Corticosteroids Treatment

“…Our present study is focused on thiol stress, poorly addressed in IBD, and SUA, the status of which in IBD patients seems to be controversial, similarly to the role of uric acid in health and disease. Although recognized as a potent antioxidant, the blood elevation of uric acid above the norm is not desirable [34]. At high concentrations, uric acid forms crystals depositing in tissues and recent studies implicate even less severe hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders [34,35].…”

“…Although recognized as a potent antioxidant, the blood elevation of uric acid above the norm is not desirable [34]. At high concentrations, uric acid forms crystals depositing in tissues and recent studies implicate even less severe hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders [34,35]. In contrast to viewing uric acid as a villain, an elevation in uric acid has been evolutionary favoured.…”

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

“…Magnesium deficiency results in impaired in psychiatric disorders, hypertension, and insulin resistance, among others. It has also been reported that magnesium prevents infections by enhancing immunity and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines [2][3][4][5].…”

A Systematic Mapping Study on the Risk Factors Leading to Type II Diabetes Mellitus

“…The lack of supplements and nutritional elements in the body has been shown to cause complications that can lead to several underlying conditions in the body [65]. For instance, there is an established relationship between vitamin deficiency and obesity, which in turn has a direct impact on diabetes and insulin resistance [66].…”