Reuse of Coils for Kolff Haemodialysis

Jl, Smyth; Rr, Clark; Jk, Dawborn

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1969.tb105692.x

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It has now been established that coils can be reutilized without risk of infection, without impairment of efficiency, and without increasing the risk of blood losses (Smyth, Clark, and Dawborn, 1969). Initially we used each coil three times to make the cost reasonable (Table II), but recently we have used them safely six times over (Smyth et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Coil and Kiil Dialysers

Down¹,

Farrand²,

Wood³

et al. 1970

BMJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially we used each coil three times to make the cost reasonable (Table II), but recently we have used them safely six times over (Smyth et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Coil and Kiil Dialysers

Down¹,

Farrand²,

Wood³

et al. 1970

BMJ

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“…This revolutionized the use of coil dialyzers and encouraged several dialysis centers to apply a method used for the Kiil system to reuse of these new coil dialyzers. Smyth et al (27) (University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia) were the first to report this method. At the completion of dialysis, the venous line was discarded, the coils were flushed with tap water, filled with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min, and flushed again with water.…”

Section: Chemical Reuse Of Coil Dialyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the possibility of almost complete recovery of blood they adopted the method of Pollard et al (4) as modified by Smyth et al (27).…”

Section: Chemical Reuse Of Coil Dialyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smyth et al. (27) (University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustraliaand the Austin HospitalHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia) were the first to report this method. At the completion of dialysisthe venous line was discardedthe coils were flushed with tap waterfilled with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minand flushed again with water.…”

Section: Manual Reuse Of Dialyzers (1914–1973)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dialyzer Reuse—Part I: Historical Perspective

Twardowski

2006

Seminars in Dialysis

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The first apparatus for hemodialysis in animals, made painstakingly by Abel et al. in their laboratory at the beginning of 20th century, was cleaned with acid-pepsin to digest blood, disinfected with thymol, and reused for up to 30 experiments for as long as 8 months. The obvious incentive was saving time. In the early years of hemodialysis in patients, dialyzers and lines were assembled and sterilized immediately before dialysis. Various methods of dry and moist heat sterilization and miscellaneous chemical agents were employed for disinfection. Significant time was required to assemble the dialyzers, so there was an incentive to reuse previously assembled dialyzers to save time, especially for home hemodialysis. Bleach to clean and formaldehyde to disinfect the membranes and lines was used for this purpose. Preassembled dialyzers, commercially introduced in the 1950s, were the most expensive components of hemodialysis systems, therefore reprocessing of these dialyzers was the most effective way to save money. Refrigeration of coil dialyzers with blood, introduced in the mid-1960s, was associated with frequent febrile reactions and was soon abandoned. Preassembled coil and plate dialyzers permitted almost complete return of blood after dialysis and led to the introduction of chemical disinfection for dialyzer reprocessing. A variety of disinfectants have been used. Formaldehyde was the most common disinfectant until the end of the 1970s. Sodium hypochlorite was used to clean the majority of dialyzers and to sterilize dialyzers with polyacrylonitrile membranes. In the early 1980s, peracetic acid and glutaraldehyde started to compete with formaldehyde. By the 1990s, formaldehyde had become less popular than peracetic acid. In the mid-1990s, disinfection and membrane cleaning with acetic acid and heat was introduced. Manual reprocessing was replaced by early reuse machines in the mid-1970s and a more sophisticated second generation of automated hemodialyzer reprocessing machines followed in the late 1970s. Recently disinfection of dialyzers with moist heat has resumed. Saving both time for the patient and money for the provider were the main motivations for designing a new machine for daily home hemodialysis. The machine, developed in the 1990s, cleans and moist-heat disinfects the dialyzer and lines in situ so they do not need to be changed for a month. In contrast, the reuse of dialyzers in home hemodialysis patients treated with other hemodialysis machines has become less popular and is almost extinct.

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Reuse of Coils for Kolff Haemodialysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of Coil and Kiil Dialysers

Comparison of Coil and Kiil Dialysers

Dialyzer Reuse—Part I: Historical Perspective

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