Reuse of Paper Mill Ash in Plaster Blends

Monosi, Saveria

doi:10.2174/1876400201205010005

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The average particle size is 150 to 250 µm, which closely matches high-calcium coal fly ash [35,36]. As shown in Figure 1, different PPFA samples have wide particle size distributions ranging from 1 to 10,000 µm [33,34,36,37]. The surface area is in the range of 4200 to 100,600 m 2 /kg, which is more than 200 times that of class C coal fly ash [35,37,38].…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…As shown in Figure 1, different PPFA samples have wide particle size distributions ranging from 1 to 10,000 µm [33,34,36,37]. The surface area is in the range of 4200 to 100,600 m 2 /kg, which is more than 200 times that of class C coal fly ash [35,37,38]. The high surface area of PPFA is attributed to particle fineness, the high irregularity of particle shapes, and its more porous nature [39].…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPFA has a high moisture holding capacity due to its hydrophilic nature, and the particles also tend to agglomerate [16]. [37] Particle size (祄 ) Cumulative percentage finer (%) Figure 1. Particle size distribution of pulp and paper mill fly ash (PPFA).…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

Cherian

Siddiqua

2019

Sustainability

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The continual growth of pulp and paper industry has led to the generation of tremendous volumes of fly ash as byproducts of biomass combustion processes. Commonly, a major part of it is landfilled; however, updated environmental regulations have tended to restrict the landfilling of fly ash due to rising disposal costs and the scarcity of suitable land. The pulp and paper industries are therefore urgently seeking energy-efficient mechanisms and management for the beneficial use of fly ash in an ecological and economical manner. This paper offers a comprehensive review of existing knowledge on the major physicochemical and toxicological properties of pulp and paper mill fly ash to assess its suitability for various bound and unbound applications. The current state of various methods used for the valorization of pulp and paper mill fly ash into more sustainable geomaterials is briefly discussed. This paper also presents promising and innovative applications for pulp and paper mill fly ash, with particular reference to agriculture and forestry, the construction and geotechnical industries, and the immobilization of contaminants. It was identified from a literature review that modified pulp and paper mill fly ash can be environmentally and economically advantageous over commercial coal-based fly ash in various sustainable applications.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4394 2 of 16 use of compost products, etc., are drawbacks of composting [10]. Contaminant-free PPFA has great significance as a soil liming agent and fertilizer in agriculture and forestry [6,11]; however, its direct application requires safety precautions due to its undesirable handling and spreading characteristics and associated health risks [12,13]. Further, high pH and electrical conductivity values of pore water in wood ash might have perturbing effects on the microbial community [14]. In order to withstand extreme conditions, the bacteria may enter a dormant stage, thereby decreasing the microbial population and diversity and ultimately disturbing the ecological balance. PPFA and value-added materials also have multifunctional engineering applications, such as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete systems, aggregate in pavement construction, binder for soil stabilization, and adsorbent for the immobilization of toxic heavy metals [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Based on a statistical survey conducted on the management and utilization of boiler ashes generated at Canadian pulp and paper mills, it was reported that more than 50% of ash is landfilled, 20-25% is used as a soil amendment (direct application or compost), and less than 20% is used for other beneficial applications such as the construction of embankment fills, the stabilization of pavement layers, and the solidification of wastes. [1,2].This paper reviews the existing knowledge on physicochemical and toxicological properties of PPFA in order to assess its suitability as a sustainable geomaterial for various bound and unbound applications. The bound applications of fly ash in...

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Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulp and Paper Mill Fly Ash: A Review

Cherian

Siddiqua

2019

Sustainability

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“…The increased number of small pores in specimens containing FBCFAs could be caused by highly irregularly shaped ash particles. It is possible that these ash particles contain pores, which are not filled with hydration products during the 28 day curing time, as reported for paper ash by [41].…”

Section: Porosity Of Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The effect of peat and wood fly ash on the porosity of mortar

Rissanen

Giosuè

Ohenoja

et al. 2019

Construction and Building Materials

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Fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA), notably different from regular (coal) fly ash, is a promising industrial side stream to be used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Peat and wood are important sources of biomass for energy production in Nordic countries and generate formidable amounts of un-used ash yearly. Two FBCFAs from the co-combustion of peat and wood, fly ash from coal combustion, and limestone filler were used to replace 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 40 wt % of cement in mortar specimens. The compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, water vapor permeability, and drying shrinkage of the mortars were measured and compared. It was found that in almost all properties FBCFAs outperformed un-reactive limestone filler. Compared to coal fly ash, FBCFAs produced mortars with comparable compressive strength although with higher porosity, water absorption, and water vapor permeability.

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“…This result proved that the plaster of Paris with 1% PMS ash could be used as a good construction material. Monosi et al [ 12 ] developed lightweight ash from the de-inking sludge. They proved that the developed ash could be used as a better binder material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%