Reuse study of sustainable wastewater in agroforestry domain of Marrakesh city

Moussaoui, Tawfik El; Wahbi, Said; Mandi, Laila; Masi, Salvatore; Ouazzani, Naaila

doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2017.08.004

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Where treated-wastewater discharges form a substantial part of the river flow, de facto wastewater reuse, defined as the incidental presence of treated wastewater in a water supply, can be high (Rice et al, 2013;Beard et al, 2019). Treated wastewater can also be used for groundwater recharge, helping to preserve the viability of freshwater extraction from groundwater into the future (Qadir et al, 2015), in addition to applications in agroforestry systems (El Moussaoui et al, 2019) and aquaculture (Khalil and Hussein, 2008). In summary, wastewater treatment can improve river water quality and ecosystem health, while providing an alternative source of freshwater for human use and subsequently reducing competition for conventional water supplies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse

Jones

Vliet

Qadir

et al. 2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

418

165

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Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously promoting sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and manufacturing wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. We use a data-driven approach, collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data resources. Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin (∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated, which is substantially lower than previous estimates of ∼80 %. An estimated 40.7×109 m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally reused. Substantial differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 % of the global population in high-income countries produces 41 % of global wastewater. Treated-wastewater reuse is particularly substantial in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and western Europe (16 %), while comprising just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population, respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected to wastewater management. Our spatially explicit results available at 5 arcmin resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones et al., 2020).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse

Jones

Vliet

Qadir

et al. 2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

418

165

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show abstract

“…The quality of wastewater collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Marrakech was examined by Moussaoui, Wahbi, Mandi, Masi, and Ouazzani (2019). The wastewater quality was examined considering physicochemical parameters along with the analysis of climatic data to use it in the agroforestry.…”

Section: Wastewater Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal‐associated effects on environment and health

Choudri

Al‐Awadhi

Charabi

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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This paper presents the review of the literature published in the year 2019 related to treatment and reuse of wastewater and effects on the environment and human health. The scientific review on the treatment and reuse of wastewaters is divided into various sections in the paper. The review sections cover wastewater management, reuse, removal of microorganisms, and chemical constituents. Besides, the review also covers research focused on wastewater treatment plants, disposal, and the management of wastewater sludge as well as biosolids in the environment.

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. applications in agroforestry systems (El Moussaoui et al, 2019) and aquaculture (Khalil and Hussein, 2008). In summary, wastewater treatment can improve river water quality and ecosystem health, whilst providing an alternative source of freshwater for human use and subsequently reducing competition for conventional water supplies.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially-explicit estimates of global wastewater production, collection, treatment and re-use

Jones¹,

Vliet²,

Qadir³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, whilst simultaneously promoting sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and industrial wastewater production, collection, treatment and re-use. We use a data-driven approach, collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data resources. Where unavailable, data is estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arc-minute (~ 10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.5 billion m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6 billion m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1 billion m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated, which is significantly lower than previous estimates of ~ 80 %. An estimated 40.7 billion m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally re-used. Substantial differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 % of the global population in high income countries produce 41 % of global wastewater. Treated wastewater re-use is particularly significant in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and Western Europe (16 %), while containing just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population, respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected to wastewater management (e.g. SDGs). Our spatially-explicit results available at 5 arc-minute resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments, and can be accessed at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones et al., 2020). A temporary link to this dataset for the review process can be accessed at: https://www.pangaea.de/tok/6631ef8746b59999071fa2e692fbc492c97352aa.

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Reuse study of sustainable wastewater in agroforestry domain of Marrakesh city

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse

Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse

Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal‐associated effects on environment and health

Spatially-explicit estimates of global wastewater production, collection, treatment and re-use

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