Revealing a room temperature ferromagnetism in cadmium oxide nanoparticles: an experimental and first-principles study

Bououdina, M.; Dakhel, A.A.; El‐Hilo, M.; Anjum, Dalaver H.; Kanoun, Mohammed Benali; Goumri‐Said, Souraya

doi:10.1039/c5ra03069b

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is an evidence of a weak ferromagnetic order despite the diamagnetic nature of the CdO itself. This agrees well with the reported ferromagnetic behavior of CdO (Bououdina et al 2015). The difference here is annealing atmosphere where our system is annealed in air.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Drastic improvement in magnetization of CdO nanoparticles by Fe doping

2017

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Hydrothermal route was used in the preparation of Fe-doped CdO nanoparticles with 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt% and their structural and magnetic properties were investigated. Structural characterization using powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the single phase cubic symmetry of these nanoparticles. Particle size decreased monotonically with increasing the dopant ion concentration. The microstructure of the synthesized samples was studied by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) which confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the samples. A vibrating sample magnetometer provided the hysteresis curves of all samples. Pure CdO reveals ferromagnetic behavior while antiferromagnetization is observed for all Fe-doped samples. Large coercivity as well as large area for the sample x = 0.05 is achieved.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Drastic improvement in magnetization of CdO nanoparticles by Fe doping

2017

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“…It is possible in the NPs, above a percolation threshold, strong mutual interactions of magnetic moments, associated with the defected states, really take place and the long-range ferromagnetic order may be established. The most likely, these interacting vacancies contribute to the net RTFM magnetization of our NPs [19,103].…”

Section: S O Kllmentioning

confidence: 98%

Levitation-jet synthesis of In-O nanoparticles with room-temperature ferromagnetic properties

Morozov

Белоусова

Firth

et al. 2017

Advanced Powder Technology

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Octahedral and roughly spherical In-In 2 O 3 nanoparticles ranging in average particle size from 30 up to 300 nm were prepared by levitation-jet aerosol synthesis through condensation of metal indium vapor in helium gas flow with gaseous oxygen/air injection at ambient and reduced pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET measurements, UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman, XPS, and vibratingsample magnetometry (VSM) characterized the nanoparticles. Room-temperature ferromagnetism with maximum magnetization of up to 0.17 emu/g was recorded for the nanoparticles. The results indicate a predominant role of the actual microstructure on the nanoparticle properties. It is suggested that the observed ferromagnetic ordering may be related to intrinsic defects at the In/In 2 O 3 interface structure of such a composite material. This suggestion is in good agreement with the results of optical and XPS experiments on the NPs.

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“…It is known that undoped, bulk and stoichiometric CdO powder has diamagnetic (DM) properties at RT [24]. However, it was observed that structural point defects like vacancies could create in CdO a very weak FM component superimposed on the main DM characteristics (i.e., DM+FM) [25]. However, for practical applications in DMS, it is necessary to create stable and considerable FM properties from spin-spin (S.S) exchange interaction between dopant ions.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical, structural and induced ferromagnetic properties of Co–In-codoped CdO synthesised via Cd chloride: significant effect of post-treatment hydrogen

Dakhel

Alnaser

2016

Bull Mater Sci

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Nanoparticle solid solution powders of cadmium oxide doped with different concentrations of cobalt and indium ions were synthesised by solvothermal method through CdCl 2 •H 2 O precursor route. The objective of the present work is to study and develop conditions necessary to create stable room-temperature ferromagnets (RT-FMs) in transparent conducting oxide (TCO) CdO for applications in the field of dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). To achieve this aim, cobalt (Co 2+) dopant ions were used as a source of stable FM, while In 3+ dopant ions supply free electrons that enhance the electronic medium of interaction. The electronic medium in the host CdO lattice, which carries the long-range spin-spin (S.S) exchange interaction between localised Co 2+ (3d) spins of dopant ions, was further developed by annealing in hydrogen gas (hydrogenation). The crystalline structure of the powder samples was investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The optical absorption properties were studied by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). Magnetic measurements reveal that the CoIn -codoped CdO powder has FM properties superimposed on paramagnetic (PM) behaviour. However, annealing in hydrogen atmosphere strongly boosts the created FM so that the saturation magnetisation increases ∼90 times. Physical explanations and discussion are given in the article. Thus, it is proved that the magnetic properties could be tailored to TCO CdO by Co-doping and post-treatment under H 2 atmosphere. Keywords. CoIn -codoped CdO; room-temperature ferromagnetism; hydrogen treatment.

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Revealing a room temperature ferromagnetism in cadmium oxide nanoparticles: an experimental and first-principles study

Abstract: CdO nanoparticles obtained from a thermal decomposition, show a room temperature ferromagnetism due to the cadmium and oxygen defects.

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Drastic improvement in magnetization of CdO nanoparticles by Fe doping

Drastic improvement in magnetization of CdO nanoparticles by Fe doping

Levitation-jet synthesis of In-O nanoparticles with room-temperature ferromagnetic properties

Physicochemical, structural and induced ferromagnetic properties of Co–In-codoped CdO synthesised via Cd chloride: significant effect of post-treatment hydrogen

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