Revealing Lithium Battery Gas Generation for Safer Practical Applications

Abstract

Gases generated from lithium batteries are detrimental to their electrochemical performances, especially under the unguarded runaway conditions, which tend to contribute the sudden gases accumulation (including flammable gases), resulting in safety issues such as explosion and combustion. The comprehensive understanding of battery gas evolution mechanism under different conditions is extremely important, which is conducive to realizing a visual cognition about the complex reaction processes between electrodes and electrolytes, and providing effective strategies to optimize battery performances. This review aims to summarize the recent progress about battery gas evolution mechanism and highlight the gas suppression strategies to improve battery safety. New approaches toward future gas evolution analysis and suppression are also proposed. It is anticipated that this review will inspire further developments of lithium batteries on performance, gas suppression, and safety, especially in high energy density systems.

The significance of mitigating crosstalk in lithium-ion batteries: a review

“…The soluble and gaseous species can potentially pass through the separator and are the most concerning chemicals for crosstalk. [26][27][28] A notorious type of crosstalk is the migration of transition metal ions (TMs, such as Mn ions, Ni ions, or Co ions in the case of layered or spinel oxide cathode materials) from the cathode to the anode. 29,30 Briefly, the overwhelmingly detrimental effects of crosstalk can be summarized in two points (Fig.…”

Emerging electrolytes with fluorinated solvents for rechargeable lithium-based batteries

“…from electrolyte decomposition at both electrodes can induce serious safety issues (such as thermal runaway) and performance degradation in batteries. [140][141][142][143] Fig. 5a displays the gas evolution of NCM8graphite cells in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes.…”

Quantifying the Influence of Li Plating on a Graphite Anode by Mass Spectrometry

“…Note that the Li-plating phenomenon usually occurs under working/cycling conditions. Therefore, unlike the primary gas evolution during the formation process, the secondary gas evolution during Li plating cannot be collected and/or removed in a common degassing step and would be accumulated in batteries, leading to swelling of batteries, loss of contact of the electrode–electrolyte, and other cell failure issues. , Typically, traditional methods used some imaging technologies (e.g., optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc.) to detect deposited Li on an anode, but these post mortem/ex situ characterizations require cells to be torn down prior to measurement and cannot have an effective role for very early safety warnings. , Therefore, a nondestructive operando/in situ technology is urgently needed to detect the onset of local Li plating (e.g., corresponding time, voltage, or capacity, etc.…”