Revealing Spanish mackerel’s diversity in Indonesian through local commodities in the fish market

Abstract

Abstract. Widayanti R, Nugroho HA, Megarani DV, Widiasih DA, Pakpahan S. 2021. Revealing Spanish mackerel’s diversity in Indonesian through local commodities in the fish market. Biodiversitas 23: 624-630. The objective of this study was to explore the diversity of Spanish mackerel in Indonesian Archipelago based on commodities offered in local fish markets. Eighteen specimens were collected from six different fish markets around the Indonesian archipelago. According to Wallace Line, the cytochrome B sequence was used as a genetic marker to reveal diversity from West Indonesia to East Indonesia. Gene amplification was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. Based on DNA sequence analysis, we identified three species of Spanish Mackerel available at various fish markets around the region. The first group is related to Scomberomorus commerson, which was sold in both Western and Eastern Indonesian fish markets; the second group is related to Scomberomorus semifasciatus, which was sold in Eastern Indonesian fish markets; and the third group is related to Scomberomorus koreanus, which was sold in Western Indonesian fish markets. The genetic differences amongst Spanish Mackerel populations ranged from 0 to 17% and the average evolutionary divergence in the overall populations was determined to be 4%. The data collected can be utilized to initiate map mackerel diversity based on CYT B sequence throughout the Indonesian Archipelago, as well as for further study and application in the identification of foods produced from mackerel.

Disclosure of genetic diversity of mackerel fish (Scomberomorus spp.) in Indonesian waters based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene

“…Within Clade 3, individual mackerel fish from Fak-Fak, Papua, formed a close cluster with S. semifasciatus (NC021391 and JX559745). This finding aligns harmoniously with earlier research utilizing mtDNA Cyt gene sequences, establishing the close relationship between mackerel populations from Fak-Fak (Papua) and S. semifasciatus (Widayanti et al, 2022). It's important to note that S. semifasciatus, commonly known as gray mackerel, is an indigenous mackerel species found in the southern regions of Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia (Welch et al, 2015;Chaves and Birnfeld, 2023).…”

“…The closest genetic distance was observed between the mackerel fish populations from Palembang and Rembang, while the furthest distance existed between Cilacap and Fak-Fak (Papua) populations. It's worth noting that a previous study using mtDNA Cyt b gene sequences reported genetic distances of 0.000-0.018 between mackerel fish populations from Palembang and Rembang, and 0.175-0.178 between populations from Cilacap and Papua (Widayanti et al, 2022). Our research also delved into the amino acid patterns among population groups.…”

“…Notably, the mackerel fish samples from Cilacap were collected from the Indian Ocean, while those from Banjarmasin were obtained from regions surrounding the Java Sea or the Makassar Strait. In a prior study using mtDNA Cyt b, results indicated that mackerel samples from these two locations displayed close affinities with Scomberomorus koreanus (Widayanti et al, 2022). S. koreanus, also known as the Korean mackerel, is predominantly distributed across the Indo-Pacific Region, ranging from the East Coast of India, along the Sumatra coast, Kalimantan, and extending northward to Korea and Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan.…”

“…The samples utilized in this study were acquired from the collection curated by Widayanti et al (2022). We obtained eighteen specimens from diverse local fish markets situated in six distinct locations within Indonesian waters; we collected three specimens from each area as a representative sample.…”

Multiplex PCR detection of mackerel-based food adulteration with pleco and chicken in selected areas around Ciliwung River, Indonesia

“…One of the potential fishery products from Indonesia is mackerel, a species of marine fish with a particular flavor that is popular in Indonesian society. This pelagic fish is found in almost all marine areas of Indonesia (Widayanti et al 2022). Mackerel in Indonesia has been processed into many local foods such as dumplings, otakotak, and empek-empek.…”