Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis. 'The Cost of Diabetes in EuropeType II study' is the first coordinated attempt to measure total healthcare costs of Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus in Europe. The study evaluated more than 7000 patients with Type II diabetes in eight countries -Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Methods. A bottom-up, prevalence-based design was used, which optimised the collection of data at the national level while maintaining maximum international comparability. Effort was made to ensure consistency in terms of data specification, data collection tools and methods, sampling design, and the analysis and reporting of results. Results are reported for individual countries and in aggregate for the total study population. Results. The total direct medical costs of Type II diabetes in the eight European countries was estimated at EUR 29 billion a year (1999 values). The estimated average yearly cost per patient was EUR 2834 a year. Of these costs, hospitalisations accounted for the greatest proportion (55%, range 30-65%) totalling EUR 15.9 billion for the eight countries. During the 6-month evaluation period, 13% of the Type II diabetic patients were hospitalised, with an average of 23 days in hospital projected annually. In contrast, drug costs for managing Type II diabetes were relatively low, with antidiabetic drugs and insulin accounting for only 7% of the total healthcare costs for Type 11 diabetes. Conclusionlinterpretation. Type 11 diabetes mellitus is a common disease and the prevalence is expected to increase considerably in the future, especially in developing countries. Current comprehensive economic data on the costs of diabetes are required for policy decisions to optimise resource allocation and to evaluate different approaches for disease management. [Diabetologia (2002) 45:S5-S 12]

Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes

“…This prevalence-based, bottom-up study, involved over 7000 patients in eight European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK). The methodology for the CODE-2 study is presented elsewhere in this supplement [17]. The primary objective was to measure and compare the costs of patients with Type II diabetes in each country studied.…”

Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Therapy on Patient-Reported Outcomes: Work Productivity, Patient Satisfaction, and Resource Utilization

“…According to the European CODE-2 (Costs of Diabetes in Europe-Type 2) study [2], the reason for this is frequent hospitalizations due to diabetic complications, which account for more than half of the healthcare costs (55%) due to diabetes. The situation is alarming for healthcare budgets as the worldwide prevalence of T2DM is continually increasing: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that it amounted to 171 million patients in 2000 and will more than double over 30 years, reaching 366 million in 2030 [3].…”

Exercise intensity and insulin sensitivity: how low can you go?

“…Readers of Diabetologia will be aware that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached global epidemic proportions and now exerts major health consequences at both individual and public health levels [1,2]. The majority of diabetic patients (over 90%) suffer from type 2 diabetes, a progressive metabolic disorder with a slow and insidious onset.…”