Revealing the impact of second phase morphology on discharge properties of binary Mg-Ca anodes for primary Mg-air batteries

Deng, Min; Höche, Daniel; Lamaka, Sviatlana V.; Wang, Linqian; Zheludkevich, Mikhail L.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2019.03.050

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Owing to the preceding corrosion reaction mentioned above, the by‐product magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) has become a major issue affecting the efficiency of Mg‐air cells 63 . This situation is due to the by‐product often forming a precipitation layer that further minimizes the active site on the anode preventing reaction to occur.…”

Section: Current Challenges and Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on development of magnesium alloy as anode inMg‐Airfuel cell and additives in electrolyte

et al. 2021

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Summary This study aimed to provide a critical review of the magnesium‐air fuel cell (MAFC) system to provide readers with an overall comprehension of MAFC, which focuses on the modification of the magnesium anode and properties of saltwater as an electrolyte. Although MAFC is benign to the environment, it is well‐known for its challenging corrosion issue and by‐product deposition that affect its durability for commercialization and long‐term application. Since that MAFC is able to use seawater as electrolyte, it has great potential to be used as an alternative energy option for the marine sector. This journal will dissect the ability of MAFC to be used as a competitive alternative energy. Over the years, researchers have adopted several approaches, such as experimenting with different types of magnesium alloy and anode fabrication techniques, to tackle corrosion problems to alter the microstructure and mechanical properties of the anode in addition to applying a coating protection and using Mg‐based composite material. Furthermore, studies intriguingly and gradually focused on electrolyte formulation with different types of additives to address the debilitating precipitation issue and improve the discharge performance. Given the problems that arise in the system, currently, MAFC commercial products are only suitable as emergency back‐up power. In future work, an improved storage system for MAFC should be built to accommodate the precipitation products while maintaining the desired cell performance.

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Section: Current Challenges and Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on development of magnesium alloy as anode inMg‐Airfuel cell and additives in electrolyte

et al. 2021

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“…[4] The working area of both cathode and anode for battery tests was 2 × 2 cm 2 . The assembled batteries were discharged at different current densities, that is, 1 and 5 mA/cm 2 , using a battery testing system (BTS-5V50mA; Neware) with the cut-off discharge voltage of 0.3 V. Afterwards, the anode utilization efficiency as well as the specific energy density (based on the anode only) were calculated by the following equations [2] :…”

Section: Battery Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mg is an attractive candidate for the anode materials in high-energy-density batteries, owing to its negative potential (Mg = Mg 2+ + 2e; −2.38 V vs. SHE), high specific capacity (2.2 Ah/g and 3.8 Ah/cm 3 ), and abundant reserves in the earth crust (2.33 wt%). [1,2] However, despite these advantageous properties, the wide application of Mg anode in aqueous batteries, that is, Mg-MnO 2 , Mg-air, Mg-dissolved oxygen, and Mg-water batteries, [3,4] is still limited mainly by two technical issues. First, the corrosion reaction significantly decreases the coulombic efficiency of the Mg anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the effect of aluminum content on the electrochemical performance of magnesium anodes for aqueous batteries

Gao

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials & Corrosion

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Al is one of the principal alloying elements for Mg anodes. In this study, a series of Mg-Al alloys has been evaluated as anode materials for optimizing the Al addition amount in Mg anodes with the intention of improving the discharge performance in aqueous batteries. The effect of Al content on the discharge potential and corrosion resistance of the Mg anode has been investigated through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements in a half-cell, discharge morphology analysis, and Mg-water battery tests. The results show that the Mg-1Al alloy possesses a larger corrosion resistance during discharge, with significant increase of the anode utilization efficiency at 1 and 5 mA/cm 2 compared with pure Mg. However, a further increase of Al content does not continuously improve the discharge performance of the Mg anode with the decline of utilization efficiency due to the influence of the precipitated phase. This study contributes to a better understanding about the effect of Al on anodic dissolution and corrosion kinetics of the Mg anode.

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“…Now, magnesium alloy anode performance can be improved by alloying, heat treatment, hot extrusion [26], and electrolyte modification. Alloying is a simple and effective method [27][28][29][30]. According to reports, aluminum and zinc is added to magnesium to obtain better performance at the beginning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mg-8%Al-xBi anodes have more negative potential than the Mg anode and Mg-8%Al anode. The Mg-Al-Bi anodes have relatively stable potential at30 and 120 mA cm −2 , but the Mg anode has serious polarization at 120 mA cm −2 and therefore, reduces its discharge performance. The potentials of Mg-8%Al-xBi, Mg, and Mg-8%Al alloys all shift positively at the beginning of the galvanostatic discharging, then shift negative fast over different periods, and then, continue to move positively.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Performance Mg–Al–Bi Alloy Anode for Seawater Batteries and Related Mechanisms

Meng

Wang

2020

Processes

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Bi, a group 15 element, was added to magnesium alloys and applied to seawater batteries in marine operating machinery to improve the electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance of the battery. The electrochemical properties of as-cast pure Mg, Mg–8Al, and Mg–8Al–xBi alloy anodes in 3.5% NaCl solution were researched. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an immersion test in 3.5% NaCl solution show that the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy provides better corrosion resistance than Mg and the Mg–8Al alloy. The galvanostatic discharge results show that the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy revealed better electrochemical properties and utilization efficiency in 3.5% NaCl solution. The Mg17Al12 and BiOCl phases formed during the discharge process of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy play an important role in improving the electrochemical performance and utilization efficiency of the alloy.

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Revealing the impact of second phase morphology on discharge properties of binary Mg-Ca anodes for primary Mg-air batteries

Cited by 78 publications

References 60 publications

Critical review on development of magnesium alloy as anode inMg‐Airfuel cell and additives in electrolyte

Critical review on development of magnesium alloy as anode inMg‐Airfuel cell and additives in electrolyte

Revealing the effect of aluminum content on the electrochemical performance of magnesium anodes for aqueous batteries

High-Performance Mg–Al–Bi Alloy Anode for Seawater Batteries and Related Mechanisms

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