The alteration of ACE2 expression level, which has been
studied
in many diseases, makes the topic of ACE2 inducer potential crucial
to be explored. The ACE2 inducer could further be designed to control
the ACE2 expression level, which is appropriate to a specific case.
An in vitro study of well-characterized carbon dots (CDs), made from
citric acid and urea, was performed to determine their ability to
modulate the ACE2 receptor. Gene expression of ACE2 was quantified
using concentrations adjusted for IC50 results from CDs viability
assays in HEK 293 and A549 cell lines. RT-qPCR was used to assess
the expression of the ACE2 gene and its induction effect in normal
cell lines (HEK-293A). According to the results of the tests, ACE2
is expressed in HEK-293A cell lines, and diminazene aceturate can
increase ACE2 expression. The effect of CDs on ACE2 gene expression
was further examined on the cell lines that had previously been induced
with diminazene aceturate, which resulted in upregulation of the ACE2
expression level. An in silico study has been done by using a molecular
docking approach. The molecular docking results show that CDs can
make strong interactions with ACE2 amino acid residues through hydrophobic
interaction, π–π interaction, π-cation interaction,
and ionic interaction.