Revegetation patterns and seedbank structure on abandoned pastures in northern Japan

Tsuyuzaki, Shiro; Kanda, Fusayuki

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb13936.x

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In our study, the MH sites had approximately seven times the number of ruderal and non-native seed densities than the ML sites. This high density of ruderal and non-native seed densities at the MH and H-sites is consistent with a study by Tsuyuzaki & Kanda (1996), which illustrated that despite 20 years since disturbance, ruderal and non-native species were still abundant in the seed bank.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Since the majority of viable seeds tend to be concentrated near the surface, with the O-horizon generally containing the greatest seed densities (Strickler & Edgerton 1976;Granström 1982), this finding may equate to an increased regeneration of the herbaceous community following thinning because the majority of viable seeds in the soil seed bank could germinate once triggered by increased light, nutrients or moisture. The high correlation between the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in the MH thinned-unit in 1999 and 2000, but not in the paired MH control unit that had a similar seed bank composition and density for these same years, supports our hypothesis and other research that areas with annual, ruderal, and non-native seed banks will have a higher correlation between the seed bank and above-ground vegetation following disturbance than prior to disturbance, once seeds have germinated (Tsuyuzaki & Kanda 1996;Smith et al 2000;Zabinski et al 2000). Many of these species require sufficient light levels for germination, and changes in the light environment through reduced tree canopy cover can allow them to become established if their seeds are present in the seed bank (Cook 1980) since the majority of viable seeds are located near the surface (Moore & Wein 1977;Pérez et al 1998;Kramer & Johnson 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona: Clues to site history and restoration potential

Korb¹,

Springer²,

Powers³

et al. 2005

Appl Veg Sci

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Question: How does the relationship between the viable soil seed bank species composition and the above-ground vegetation in northern Arizona Pinus ponderosa forests differ under varying historical land use disturbances (low, intermediate, high)? Is above-ground vegetation correlated to the viable soil seed bank immediately following soil disturbance from restoration thinning treatments? Location: Northern Arizona, USA. Methods: Soil seed bank samples were taken along replicated transects and collected with a 5-cm diameter bulk density hammer. Samples included a 5 -cm diameter O-horizon sample (at varying depths) plus the underlying mineral soil to a depth of 5 c m . The seedling emergent method was used to quantify seed bank species composition and density. The herbaceous and shrub plant community was quantified along the same transects using the point intercept method. Results: Early-successional or ruderal species were common in the soil seed bank at all three disturbance sites. Non-native species, notably Verbascum thapsus, were more numerous (up to 940 seeds/m 2 ) under high disturbance with overgrazing and logging, and less common or absent under low disturbance. Most viable seeds were found in the O-horizon and the upper 5 cm of mineral soil; there was little correlation between species in the soil seed bank and the above-ground vegetation. Conclusions:We recommend that restoration plans be geared toward minimizing activities, such as severe soil disturbance, that may promote the spread of non-native invasive species, and that manual seeding be explored as an option to restore plant species diversity and abundance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona: Clues to site history and restoration potential

Korb¹,

Springer²,

Powers³

et al. 2005

Appl Veg Sci

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“…Tsuyuzaki and Kanda (1996) reported finding viable seeds of C. canadensis in the seedbank of a 20-yr-old abandoned pasture despite its absence in the aboveground vegetation. Similarly, C. canadensis was an important component of the seed bank beneath an abandoned agricultural field over a ten-year period, but not of the field vegetation (Leck and Leck 1998).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 115. Conyza canadensis

Weaver¹

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

243

291

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Weaver, S. E. 2001. The biology of Canadian weeds. 115. Conyza canadensis Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 867-875. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Canada fleabane, horseweed, mare's-tail) is a winter or summer annual, native to North America, and found in all provinces of Canada except Newfoundland. It is a weed of orchards, vineyards, roadsides, and arable fields where tillage has been reduced or eliminated. Most seedlings emerge from late August through October and form rosettes which overwinter. Large numbers of small, wind-dispersed seeds, ranging to over 200 000 seeds per plant, are produced in late summer. Populations of C. canadensis in more than ten countries have evolved resistance to herbicides such as paraquat, atrazine, chlorsulfuron or glyphosate. Several paraquat resistant populations were found in orchards in Essex Country, Ontario. It serves as a wild host of the tarnished plant bug, and of aster yellows, a mycoplasma disease transmitted by the aster leaf hopper. On la trouve dans toutes les provinces du Canada sauf Terre-Neuve. Elle envahit les vergers, les vignobles, les bords de route et les terres arables dont on ne travaille plus le sol, ou très peu. La plupart des plantules apparaissent de la fin du mois d'août à octobre et forment des rosettes qui hiverneront. La plante produit au-delà de 200 000 petites graines qui seront dispersées par le vent à la fin de l'été. Dans plus de dix pays, les peuplements de C. canadensis ont acquis une résistance à divers désherbants tels le paraquat, l'atrazine, le chlorsulfuron et le glyphosate. Plusieurs peuplements résistants au paraquat ont été découverts dans des vergers du comté d'Essex, en Ontario. La vergerette du Canada est l'hôte sauvage de la punaise grise et de la jaunisse de l'aster, mycoplasme transmis par la cicadelle de l'aster. Description and Account of Variation(a) Winter or summer annual, reproducing only by seeds; short taproot with laterals; seedlings form a basal rosette of dark green, sparsely hairy leaves, rarely more than 1 cm wide, with distinct petioles and coarsely toothed margins; the basal rosette deteriorates after the stem begins to elongate; stems are erect, 10-180 cm high, hairy, with many small flowering branches in the upper portions; stem leaves alternate, numerous and crowded on the stem, often appearing opposite or even whorled, lanceolate to linear, with nearly entire margins; upper stem leaves only 5 mm wide; flower heads (capitula) small, 3-5 mm in diameter, and numerous on short branches near the top of the main stem; pistillate ray florets are white, ligulate and very short, often concealed by involucre bracts around each head; perfect disk florets are yellowish-green and very fluffy at maturity; seeds (achenes), averaging 60-70 per capitulum, are small, 1-2 mm long, transparent and have an attached pappus 3-5 mm in length (Frankton and Mulligan 1987;Alex 1992).Conyza canadensis is a diploid species, with a chromosome number of 2n = 18 for Canadian and other specimens (Mulligan 1957; Federov 1969;Thebaud and Abbott 1995)....

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“…Evaluating revegetation success based on measured characteristics has been employed in various ecosystems across the U.S. (Wali 1999; Montalvo et al 2002) as well as worldwide (Tsuyuzaki et al 1994; Wilkins et al 2003). Few studies quantitatively or qualitatively review the success or failure of a suite of restoration projects across a broad geographic range, particularly with regard to riparian restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Success of Active Revegetation after Tamarix Removal in Riparian Ecosystems of the Southwestern United States: A Quantitative Assessment of Past Restoration Projects

Bay

Sher

2008

Restoration Ecology

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Invasion by the non-native tree Tamarix has led to implementation of restoration projects aimed at maintaining the ecological integrity of many riparian communities in the southwestern United States. These restoration efforts may include Tamarix removal, manipulation of hydrologic regimes, and active revegetation of native species. The goal of this study was to determine which site characteristics are correlated with restoration success, defined in terms of reductions of undesirable species such as Tamarix and establishment of desirable, native species. To accomplish this, vegetative and environmental data were collected at 28 sites in the southwestern United States where active revegetation was completed after Tamarix removal. These data were incorporated into regression tree models with predictor variables that included number of years since removal (1-18 years) and multiple management, climate, soils, and hydrological variables to determine success of Tamarix control, revegetation success, and general plant community responses. Our results suggest that there are easily measurable site characteristics that are associated with greater native cover and richness, planting success, and Tamarix control. Close proximity to perennial water, sufficient precipitation, recent flooding, and good drainage as well as coarser soil texture, and lower soil pH all favored native species. Overall, those site characteristics associated with native species success were the same as those related to lower Tamarix cover. These quantitative models are intended to assist researchers and land managers to design more effective riparian restoration efforts in this critical arid lands ecosystem.

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Revegetation patterns and seedbank structure on abandoned pastures in northern Japan

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona: Clues to site history and restoration potential

Soil seed banks in Pinus ponderosa forests in Arizona: Clues to site history and restoration potential

The biology of Canadian weeds. 115. Conyza canadensis

Success of Active Revegetation after Tamarix Removal in Riparian Ecosystems of the Southwestern United States: A Quantitative Assessment of Past Restoration Projects

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